Currently, the breeding of cattle for the purpose of making a profit is distributed in three areas - dairy, meat and dairy-meat. These are natural food products that are in demand. To start such a business, you need to equip the premises, select the necessary breeds of animals, determine distribution channels, and select employees. And this is only a small part of all cases. Let's take a closer look at all stages of activity, as well as the pros and cons of each of the three areas.

Registration and start of activity

The first step is to monitor the market. You need to understand whether it really makes sense to start a business. At this stage, the possibilities and needs of the region are clarified. Be sure to study the presence of future competitors and, if possible, they should be distant. Points of sale can be small trading places, meat processing plants and dairies. They are considered both local and in nearby settlements. If everything is in order with this, it is necessary to issue the status of an individual entrepreneur. Despite the fact that the business starts its journey from home, everything must be legal. This means compliance with formalities and mandatory documentation. To reduce taxation, IP is issued under the code "livestock".

It will also be a plus to establish contacts with persons who will interact with the future farm - veterinarians. Their activities are no less important, because these are the necessary certificates, vaccinations and much more.

It is necessary to decide in which direction the work will be organized. This can be breeding bulls for meat at home or keeping cows for dairy products, as well as combined, that is, the sale of both meat and milk. Some farmers are in the business of raising and trading calves, which is also profitable.

Site selection

The area for breeding cattle should be selected very carefully. It is necessary to choose the appropriate size and conditions for the livestock. If the site is small relative to the number of heads, then there is a risk of rapid contamination. At this stage, the size of the herd is determined. In general, the entire plan of the farm is established, which should include a cowshed, pasture, various utility rooms and sheds, warehouses for feed.

Breeding cows at home as a business implies that the future farmer has a piece of land. If not, then you can rent some empty territories and premises. It is also possible to start construction on land from scratch, if financial possibilities allow.

The territory of the paddock for cattle is determined at the rate of 10 sq.m. for one head. If there is grazing on a pasture, then in this case, about 1 ha of land will be needed for one cow. It should be noted that you need to stock up on hay for the winter, and this is another plus one hectare. For all structures on the territory of the future farm, at least 200 square meters will be required. m.

It is good when there are enterprises nearby that are engaged in the cultivation and marketing of crops and root crops. This is necessary to provide cows with quality products in terms of additional nutrition.

Cowshed and equipment

To breed cows as a business, you need to understand all the subtleties and start with a small number of heads, which do not require large areas. You can always, if necessary, buy more cattle and complete the building. The best option is 10 goals. If there is a building that was a barn in the past, then this is ideal. For beginners, building from scratch will be difficult both physically and in terms of collecting documentation. It is best to rent a room and make a suitable repair there.

It is necessary to prepare the barn in accordance with sanitary standards. This means that there are special requirements, which include the presence of a wooden floor with straw bedding, a ceiling height of 2.4 m, feeders, drinkers, walls that are insulated with bundles of straw, as well as ventilation.

On the farm, future farmers definitely need to stock up on various equipment - these are shovels, pitchforks, buckets, overalls, containers, scales. In the process, you need to purchase a car designed to deliver products. It will be a plus to purchase a mini-tractor, with the help of which hay will be harvested, manure cleaned and various other household chores.

Arrangement of the premises

Breeding and raising calves and caring for cows can be done in separate boxes, in rooms with thick bedding, or in a room without a leash, but with flooring for relaxation. If we take the presence of ten heads of cattle as a basis, then an acceptable building will be 34 by 6 meters in size. For one cow, you need to allocate 2 square meters. m. When there are not many animals, stalls are built for them.

The technique of breeding cattle involves the obligatory cleaning of the barn from contamination. Often structures are built with a special slurry tank and a manure room. In a simpler version, you just need to change the soiled straw bedding for a clean one. It is either disposed of on personal property or sold as fertilizer.

There should be enough windows in the room, as well as doors for cleaning the boxes from manure. When breeding dairy cows, you need to think about acquiring a milking system and a regular water supply. Feeding troughs fit different ones - from collective to personal. You can also equip them with a food supply system.

Acquisition of animals

To start breeding cows as a business, you need to find a suitable farm that sells calves. It must be a reliable supplier that will provide healthy individuals. The best period for such an acquisition is the end of winter or the beginning of spring. The payback of the business depends on the types of purchased animals. It can be purebred bulls and cows, or half-breeds. There are special nurseries that monitor the purity of the breed. Such cows are able to give good milk yields and significantly gain weight. The output is only high-quality products.

Starting a business from scratch, it is best to form a small herd. In this case, you can buy young animals from households. However, novice farmers very often acquire adult cows, but not old ones. When drawing up a business plan for breeding cattle, it is advisable to work out both options and choose the most profitable one. It must be remembered that the first option with young animals is rather troublesome and risky.

In addition to the fact that the calf needs some care, it is not clear what kind of adult it will grow up to and whether it will live up to expectations. When purchasing a bull-calf, which is not yet a month old, it is necessary to feed it with milk. Up to 10 liters are required per day. If there is no dairy cow in the property, then these are financial costs. The purchase of dry mixes and other related products is also an investment, and the animal may not gain the required weight. It is better to buy a calf at the age of one month and above.

In the second option, you can also make a mistake, because they can sell an old cow. If a dairy farm is planned, then it must be taken responsibly, since the cow gives maximum milk yield in the period from 3 to 13 years.

Milk farm

So, when at the initial stage of building a business it is decided that the farm must operate to obtain milk and dairy products, it is necessary to acquire good cows. This technique of breeding cattle is quite within the power of a beginner.

Selecting the required number of cows for milk, you need to choose thoroughbred highly productive individuals. The presence of such heads is at Russian breeding plants. Most popular:

• black-and-white is considered very common and occupies almost 50% of the total dairy population. She is able to produce approximately 5500-5800 kg of milk per year;
• the Holstein breed was bred in the 1970s and 80s and for one milking it turns out from 30 kg of milk, and per year, on average, 7400 kg;
• Kholmogory is considered an old breed and is capable of producing up to 8000 kg of milk per year with good feeding. But the average figures can be considered 4000-6000 kg.

If a novice farmer purchases animals from a breeder, he must be provided with documents and veterinary certificates.

When choosing a cow suitable for milking, you need to pay attention to the structure and shape of the animal. As mentioned above, age matters. The older the animal, the less milk it will produce. The number of years is determined by the horns. They count the number of roller lines and add two more years to this figure. Thus, the exact age is obtained.

The number of calving also affects productivity. The highest milk yields occur after the third birth. It is best for business to purchase cows after the first calving.

Animals for meat

Breeding bulls and cows for meat is no less profitable business. Meat cattle should be prone to rapid weight gain, have product suitability, female individuals are able to calve every year.

When choosing animals and breeding them, the breed is of great importance. Especially important is the time during which the calf can gain the desired weight. Even different types of animals can differ in the taste of meat. Fast-growing meat breeds include Charolais, Kazakh white-headed, Simmental, Hereford. The purchase of newborn calves is the cheapest, but it is burdensome in terms of feeding. The best way to breed bulls at home is to buy individuals that can eat food and grass.

Of course, every newcomer to the farming business is interested to know why the above breeds of cattle are bred for meat. Almost all of them have a low percentage of product salting. This means that the fat content of such meat will be minimal. However, the increase in mass is rather short-lived. If we consider the Hereford breed, then it has a rather calm temperament and excellent taste. The Kazakh white-headed and Charolais can easily endure the local climate and temperature fluctuations. In this regard, they are very hardy. If the Simmental cow is both dairy and meat, then the Kazakh white-headed milk productivity is quite low.

Breeding bulls for meat as a business requires quality maintenance and care. In the warm season, they need daily walking. It is not recommended to constantly keep such individuals in the stall, although in this way they gain weight very quickly. This method makes them aggressive and contributes to various diseases.

The arrangement of the pen involves expenses for a novice farmer. Accordingly, he must equip the right place for walking, which must be constantly kept clean. With this method, the beef is of very good quality. If the number of heads is quite impressive, then most likely you will need housekeepers. The item on recruitment and wages for it should be considered at the initial stage and when building a business plan.

If, nevertheless, the method of keeping bulls on a leash is chosen, then you need to take care of high-quality equipment, as they can be aggressive. In the stall, individuals should be well fixed. On the other hand, this method allows you to assess the condition of the animal, make various measurements, veterinary examinations.

Breeding bulls as a business for the production of meat products in a paddock is less expensive than stall keeping. One of the reasons for this conclusion is that much fewer employees are needed to work.

Combined breeding method

For business, such universal breeds as Simmental, Lebedinskaya, Swiss, Red Gorbatovskaya, Kostroma are suitable. All of them are able to achieve a large body weight, and females give milk yield on average from 3000 to 5000 kg per year. For slaughter, almost every breed is able to give out from 50% of the weight. The growth of calves is quite active and by six months they weigh quite impressively.

All listed living creatures have high rates of taste of meat and dairy products. For a successful business, this is a clear plus.

Sales of products

This is an equally important step in the business. Having decided what kind of product should be the output - meat or milk - the farmer needs to sell it.

If the farm is aimed at breeding and growing meat heads, then after acquiring the young, the meat will be in about a year. Dairy cows give milk all the time, except during calving. You can also supply related products. These are skins, milk (cheese, butter, kefir, sour cream), semi-finished meat products. At the beginning of the article, it was also mentioned about such a direction as the sale of young animals. With the ability to organize the rearing of calves, this can be an additional profit.

Any of the goods, be it milk or meat, can be sold wholesale or retail. Many processing plants often cooperate with farms. It is also possible to conclude an agreement with catering points and shops. Guided by the main advantage - environmental friendliness of products - it is necessary to establish high-quality sales of products.

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Raising beef and dairy cows for sale is a very profitable business, especially if you manage to put this business on stream. In addition, breeding and selling cows will not require large expenses from the owner of the enterprise, which any novice entrepreneur is afraid of. But, at the same time, we must not forget that beef cattle breeding itself is cheaper than dairy cattle breeding. Although the second does not require any supernatural monetary investments.

A cow business can only become successful if its owner has the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities for this. It is simply impossible to start breeding animals without the slightest idea of ​​​​what is happening in the complex, and without having a strategy. Accordingly, before opening such a business, it is necessary to study not only the features of breeding animals of a given species and specific breeds, but also the following points:

• features of keeping cows in summer and winter;
• nuances of fattening animals and their main diet, all the characteristics of different feeds, as well as the possibility of their use;
• what breeds of cows are preferable for the manufacture of meat products, and which ones are better to grow for milk;
• how, to whom and where it will be possible to sell manure.

When the topic is fully understood, it will be possible to start breeding cows as a business. It primarily involves the creation of an enterprise for which you will need:

• buy or lease a land plot on which the complex will be built;
• build a barn;
• buy young animals, choosing animals depending on what it is planned to breed and sell cows for - for meat or for milk.

The production area for cows usually has an area of ​​30x6 m. It is best if it is located in a rural area, and it is even more preferable that it be in close proximity to other agricultural enterprises, for example, growing plants. Those enterprises that are located near fields and vegetable gardens will have more chances to sell manure successfully and without much difficulty. In addition to the production room, it is necessary to build a heated room in which the breeding of cows will take place directly. To accommodate 30 heads of cattle, it will be enough to have an area of ​​​​180-200 square meters. m.

What are the formalities

To open a complex for breeding cows for sale, you need to register for an individual entrepreneur according to the OKVED code 01.2 (livestock). For the very conduct of business and convenient work, it is preferable to choose a simplified taxation system, which implies withholding 6% of tax from the gross income of the enterprise.

When creating a business, you need to think not only about prospective future consumers, but also about competitors. That is, the complex must be located in such a way that there are no similar producers of meat or dairy products, large or not very large complexes for breeding cows for sale, the main activity of which is also breeding cows at home.

• large markets;
• retail outlets located in the nearest settlements;
• private resellers, or small organizations involved in the purchase of products from entrepreneurs in bulk.

What is the Cost of Entering a Cow Breeding Business

As a total amount that an entrepreneur may need as an initial investment in a business, it is 600-700 thousand rubles. It is quite possible to take this money on credit, and they will go to the following:

• the construction of the complex will cost an average of 170 thousand rubles;
• the purchase of animals usually begins with the purchase of 5 cows, which will cost 250 thousand, and 12, on which you will need to spend about 170 thousand rubles;
• the purchase of feed per year (stocks of hay, straw, barley and oats) will cost about 60 thousand rubles.

At the initial stage, another 20 thousand rubles should be planned for the wages of workers. For the opening enterprise, initially only two laborers will be required, for whose average monthly salary you can count 10 thousand rubles. It is assumed that in the coming months the wages of workers can be allocated from the profits already received from the business.

Breeding cows as a business almost always brings its owner a stable income, so such enterprises are already considered profitable. If we talk about specific figures that an entrepreneur can count on, then here are the approximate prices for products sold:

• retail beef - 250 rubles per kg;
• sale of beef meat in bulk - 170 rubles per kg;
• retail sale of milk - 35 rubles per liter;
• sale of milk in bulk - 24 rubles per liter.

It is assumed that with the above number of livestock per month, it will be possible to sell 300 kilograms of meat and 2-2.5 thousand liters of milk. Thus, the profit can be 50-75 thousand rubles if selling meat, and 48-70 thousand rubles when selling milk. Consequently, the annual income of the enterprise in this case will be 600-900 thousand rubles for the sale of meat, or 570-850 thousand rubles for the sale of milk.

Annually, 60 thousand rubles will be spent on the purchase of feed, and 240 thousand rubles on the remuneration of workers. If the land plot for the construction of a complex for breeding cows was leased, then certain expenses must be planned to pay for it. Another class of costs is utilities. But both rent and utility bills will be different in each case, so it is impossible to give any figures in advance.

Purely theoretically, in general terms and complexity, as a net income from the business of breeding cows for sale, half of the entire income of the enterprise will remain. These amounts will be enough to easily recoup the initial investment in it in 1.5-2 years from the start of the business and gradually begin to expand. In this case, the natural expansion of a business means a gradual increase in the number of cattle, entering new, larger markets and a systematic increase in the level of profitability of the enterprise.

Cattle(abbr. KRS) - farm animals of the subfamily "Bulls". The main purpose of cattle breeding is the production of meat and, obtaining skins and sometimes wool. An additional income in each of the main areas is breeding for the purpose of selling young animals.

From the obligatory in any of the directions, you will definitely need agricultural machinery for harvesting and transporting feed, animals, hand tools, a hayloft, a calf barn, areas for walking and grazing cattle, a barn with stalls, thanks to which it becomes more convenient to feed the animals, as well as to control.

You should immediately think about veterinary medicine, as livestock can get very serious and dangerous diseases such as anthrax, various flus, in which all livestock are allowed to be slaughtered. Any farmer must monitor the cleanliness of his production facilities, pastures and periodically carry out the treatment required by veterinary medicine.

Depending on the possibility of peasant farming, climatic features, as well as requirements for meat, several systems for keeping cattle are used:

• stall-pasture. The maintenance is carried out indoors in winter (with regular walking in paddocks), and in summer on a pasture. In warm seasons, camp pens are equipped in which animals are kept. Each cow has access to greenery, water, mineral elements.
• Stall-walking system. With him, the herd is kept indoors with mandatory daily walks in special runs, platforms, mechanized installations.

Often farmers build sheds under which bulls and cows rest or hide from bad weather.

Breeding bulls for meat

meat breeds

Since the breeding of breeds that produce high-quality meat, for example, marbled, has become a trend in recent years, we will list first of all meat breeds that have marbling. Many of them are already bred by enterprising businessmen in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.

Aberdeen Angus

This breed is naturally prone to marbling, and proper fattening and care can give meat of the highest marble category - completely penetrated by the thinnest fatty layers, very juicy and tender. Angus is gaining weight in the region of 1 ton and has a height of up to 1.6 meters. They were bred in Scotland, from where they spread throughout the world, including the CIS countries.

Limousinskaya

Limousines grow up to 1.5 meters in height and gain weight of about 1 ton. The meat is very tender, juicy with varying degrees of marbling. It is the most exported among the French breeds.

Charolais

Originally from France, it grows up to 1.5 meters in height and has a mass of about 1500 kilograms. The best bulls of this breed have a genetic defect in the form of increased production of the protein myostatin, which is responsible for increasing muscle mass. But it is impossible to carry out selection on this basis. However, normal charolais produce excellent marbled and lean meat.

Hereford

Growth in the region of 1.5 meters, weight - in the region of 1100 kg. Herefords are originally from England and were bred as meat. It is quite unpretentious, therefore they occupy one of the most important places in the meat market. With proper fattening, the meat marmorizes very well.

Shorthorn

It was bred in England and is one of the most common. Shorthorns are characterized by high precocity. The weight of cows is 500-600 kg, bulls - 800-1000 kg. The meat is very tender, juicy, with evenly permeated fat. Slaughter yield averages around 65%.

Grain and grass fed

This example is suitable for both a large farm and a small one.

useful links

• Codex Alimentarius - FAO Code of Hygienic Practice for Meat
• Everything related to cattle // Forum Fermer.ru, communication between farmers on this topic

Animals will bring a lot of income, since milk can be used to cook butter, cheese and other fermented milk products, freeze meat, sell it fresh or close the stew. Another option for generating income is the cultivation and resale of young animals. The first step of a novice farmer is a thorough analysis of the slightest nuances of the future business.

Before understanding how to breed cows, you need to understand the ultimate goals of this action.

1. Analysis of the conditions of the region of residence (are there fields for grazing).
2. Economic factor (competitors and sales market).
3. Features of keeping cows in winter and summer.
4. Finding out the final goal (obtaining meat, milk or complex products). Selection of appropriate breeds.
5. Environmental factor (where to sell manure).

Cows are large in size, have a good appetite (they consume a lot of feed) and are demanding on the conditions of their place of residence, but all these aspects are quickly covered by finished products.

How to write a business plan

Before creating a business on cows, each farmer is recommended to study in depth what the whole process of raising horned animals consists of. In the case of cow breeding, several basic points stand out:

• feeding the cow and keeping it in the stall;
• regular walking and grazing of the animal in the pasture;
• harvesting hay for the winter;
• milk collection;
• breeding and raising offspring (both dairy cows and bulls);
• conducting timely veterinary examinations, as well as vaccination against the most common ailments.

Knowing how to write a detailed business plan can give you a head start on growing your own business. However, to begin with, write down the main points for raising cattle and then already determine what costs will be needed for a particular process.

Suitable site

How much land is needed for 1 cow? The required sowing area for cereals is 0.60 ha, perennial grasses – 0.60 ha, silage crops – 0.20 ha, vegetables – 0.06 ha. On average, there is 1 hectare of land per 1 cow.

When taking into account the stock of hay for the winter, another 1 hectare is added. So, 1 livestock will require up to 2 hectares of water meadow. If the field is not fertile, this figure may increase further.

We equip the building

The best option for maintenance is an old farm. Building a building from scratch is not an economically viable option. An alternative is to rent a ready-made adapted barn.

The room should be away from residential buildings and water sources. According to sanitary standards, the minimum distance to the house is 15 meters, to wells - 20 meters. It is preferable that it be located next to the garden (manure liquidation).

If you decide to build a barn yourself, pay attention to the materials. Brick or foam concrete is suitable for construction - they retain heat well. The floor should be made of cement - it is durable and hygienic. Wood is not recommended as the material absorbs odors and rots quickly.

Stall organization

With a large number of animals, it is necessary to equip the stall. For comfortable keeping of 1 cows, 2 sq.m. is enough. Be sure to make a slope for waste to drain. The stall should have a separate door for cleaning (located on the opposite side of the feeder).

If you want to receive large volumes of milk, think over the water supply and purchase milking systems. It is more profitable to buy a special device than to regularly pay milkmaids.

A useful addition to the barn is the attic. This is a convenient place to store hay. It will also allow you to additionally insulate the ceiling.

Purchase of young animals

The purchase of calves is selected in connection with the purpose for which you need them: for meat or dairy products. Breeding cows for milk as a business (you can find a video on this topic at the end of the article) will be a pretty good start for a beginner. To choose the right dairy livestock, you should pay attention to several features.

When purchasing animals, be guided by your own experience and expert advice

Cows that are best for milk have a round midsection and underdeveloped muscles, so their belly is often oddly shaped. In addition, they have thin horns and a more elongated head. In dairy cows, the withers are quite sharp, and the loin is compatible with the croup of the cattle's body. Together they form an almost straight line. Of course, the udder should be very large and completely hairless. After the end of milking, it greatly decreases and forms small folds.

It is necessary to pay attention to the age of the individual, as over time it will give less and less milk. How many years an animal lives can be calculated by the horns, that is, by the number of lines on them. When you count all the rollers on the horns, then just add two more years to this number and get the exact age of the cow. Everything is more than simple.

Large income will bring not only the sale of milk, but also the breeding of cows for meat. So, now let's pay attention to the selection of these breeds. They differ in such features:

• big weight;
• carcass suitability;
• adaptability of a cow to climate change;
• a healthy uterus so that the cow can bring calves every year;
• rapid growth of young animals.

Such cows are bought very rarely for sale, most often they are taken for the sale of meat. This type of business is the most profitable business, but also the most difficult.

The best breeds for breeding cattle in a private household

The first task of a novice farmer is to choose the breed of animal, depending on the chosen direction.

For milk

The most common dairy breeds are the following:

On the meat

The following breeds are considered the most productive in the meat direction:

1. Hereford- famous for the delicate taste of marbled meat. Calf weight at birth 26–34 kg, daily weight gain 700–1200 g, slaughter age 18 months. Weight: bulls - 850–1000 kg, heifers - 550–650 kg; meat yield 62%.
   
2. Belgian blue cow- is considered the most productive, meat can be called dietary due to the small amount of fat. At birth, the weight is about 50 kg, the daily weight gain is up to 1500 g. At 15 months of age, the weight of the bull is on average 1100 kg, the weight of the heifer is 800 kg; meat yield at slaughter 80%.
   
3. Kian breed- originally from Italy, it is considered one of the largest. Calf weight at birth 48 kg, weight gain up to 1400 g. At 15 months, the weight of a bull is 1300–1600 kg, a cow weighs up to 900 kg; meat yield 65%.
   
4. Auliekolskaya- bred in Kazakhstan, marbled meat does not contain much fat. Newborn calves weigh 25 kg, daily gain up to 1700 g. At the age of 16–18 months, the weight of a bull is 1050 kg, the weight of a heifer is 550 kg; meat yield 63%.
   

Breeding bulls as a business for the production of meat products in a paddock is less expensive than stall keeping. One of the reasons for this conclusion is that much fewer employees are needed to work.

Combined breeding method

For business, such universal breeds as Simmental, Lebedinskaya, Swiss, Red Gorbatovskaya, Kostroma are suitable. All of them are able to achieve a large body weight, and females give milk yield on average from 3000 to 5000 kg per year. For slaughter, almost every breed is able to give out from 50% of the weight. The growth of calves is quite active and by six months they weigh quite impressively.

All listed living creatures have high rates of taste of meat and dairy products. For a successful business, this is a clear plus.

Sales of products

This is an equally important stage of business. Having decided what kind of product should be the output - meat or milk - the farmer needs to sell it.

If the farm is aimed at breeding and growing meat heads, then after acquiring the young, the meat will be in about a year. Dairy cows give milk all the time, except during calving. You can also supply related products. These are skins, milk (cheese, butter, kefir, sour cream), semi-finished meat products. At the beginning of the article, it was also mentioned about such a direction as the sale of young animals. With the ability to organize the rearing of calves, this can be an additional profit.

Any of the goods, be it milk or meat, can be sold wholesale or retail. Many processing plants often cooperate with farms. It is also possible to conclude an agreement with catering points and shops. Guided by the main advantage - the environmental friendliness of products - it is necessary to establish high-quality sales of products.

If you liked the article, please like it.

Write comments on the topic of cattle breeding as a business, as well as why you need to act in this direction and what other advantages there are of such an activity.

The specifics of building a farm for profit

Breeding cows on farms can be considered a fairly profitable business if you follow the basic rules of farming. The breeder must be aware of the following:

• varieties of livestock for dairy and meat products, what are their differences and advantages;
• features of growing livestock of the selected breed;
• nuances of content in different seasons and seasons;
• sales and marketing opportunities for dairy and meat products.

The farmer will need to draw up a business plan, which will include:

• initial costs, start-up capital;
• fixed and variable costs;
• possible profit from the sale.

Based on the calculations, it is possible to assess the real opportunities from farming.

Important features of starting a business are the need for documentation and compliance with production standards.

Disease prevention

An important preventive measure in the fight against common diseases is vaccination, which must be carried out from the age of two months. You will need to be vaccinated against pasteurellosis, brucellosis, foot and mouth disease, anthrax and rabies.

In order to prevent the occurrence and development of infectious diseases, it is also important to keep the barns clean and dry. Once a week, it is desirable to treat the premises with slaked lime or caustic soda. In addition, it is important to prevent contact between livestock and wild animals and rodents.

The health and well-being of cows must be systematically monitored. In case of lethargy, refusal to eat, discharge from the nose and eyes, it is necessary to call a veterinarian.

Sanitary and veterinary standards

In addition to a constant comfortable temperature (not lower than ten degrees Celsius), it is recommended to maintain a relative humidity of at least forty percent and no more than eighty. In addition, it is important to pay attention to the fact that for each individual an area of ​​\u200b\u200bat least four square meters must be allocated.

Young animals are recommended to be kept separately from adult animals. Infected and recovering individuals must be quarantined.

Is breeding profitable?

Many beginners are thinking about whether it is generally profitable to keep a cow on the house plot. Whatever you say, but based on the opinions of experts, in recent years there has been a significant reduction in the number of cows in the country. However, in fact, all this is due to the laboriousness of the process of caring for animals, and not because of unprofitability. Agree, a cow will have to devote a lot of time. Grazing regularly, feeding, milking twice a day, veterinarian checks and keeping the barn clean will all take a lot of your energy.

Nevertheless, you can make money on this business, and not bad. It is believed that a high-yielding cow is capable of producing from 3.5 to 6 thousand liters of milk per year. This means that on average a farmer can earn up to 220 thousand rubles from one cow. Provide quality conditions for the animal, take care of it, and the business will soon give the first visible results.

Today, all over the world, including Russia, such a branch of the national economy as animal husbandry is developing at a rapid pace. This is a very profitable business. There are many different options here: breeding cows for meat, milk, for the birth of young animals and much more. In any case, breeding cows will benefit its owner.

Currently, beef and milk are the most demanded products on the Russian market.

Now we live in a time when genetically modified products are being introduced into the food industry, while there are less and less natural ones.

Due to all this, the demand for high-quality and natural products is growing, and cows are the main supplier of them. It is difficult to imagine the daily diet of any Russian without meat and milk, because these are sources of useful substances: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. According to experts, every day a person should drink 500 ml of milk a day just to maintain the condition of all organs and systems. Let us consider in more detail the breeding of cows as a business for a small town.

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Cow breeding business plan

To organize your business in this direction, you need to build a so-called business plan. It should include: rational choice of a place for a future cowshed, determination of the goal, objectives and direction, collection of necessary documentation, purchase of equipment and animal care items, organization of a technological process for collecting milk and obtaining meat, determining a client base and selling raw materials to trading points, and in addition, the calculation of costs and profits. The business plan must begin with the choice of a place for the future breeding of cows. It is possible to build a barn from scratch, but it will be expensive. It is best to settle on the site of old, abandoned farms by buying this land and renting a room.

This way you can save some money and time. The room must be spacious. Its area will depend on the number of livestock. The second stage is the collection of the necessary documentation. If the business plan involves breeding cows for profit, then you will have to obtain permission from the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, fire inspection and register as an individual entrepreneur. When selling meat, you will definitely need to obtain permission from the veterinary service. All this can be done in a week or two.

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Main goals, business objectives

A business plan for breeding cows is, first of all, the definition of the main direction of business. Cows can be bred for the purpose of obtaining meat, milk, there is a combined direction. In addition, young animals can be bred for sale. Another rarest option is breeding pure breeds for the purpose of selling them. But this is quite hard and painstaking work, although very profitable. The main task is to make a profit. But for this you need to try very hard. To organize a good barn, you need equipment. It is mainly represented by machines for feeding and packaging feed, as well as for cleaning manure. Such equipment is expensive. It would be advisable to organize your own slaughterhouse, for this there should be a separate room.

Cows are kept in stalls. It is best to start a business with 7-10 goals and see if it will be profitable or not. If yes, then the herd can be increased. The room for keeping cows should be well heated, be bright, it should not have drafts and cracks. The temperature should not fall below 17 degrees. Animals are provided with complete food. In summer, they are recommended to graze in the meadow, and in cold weather, buy food. This is primarily dry hay, as well as mixed fodder. Be sure to introduce modern supplements into the diet, as they make up for the deficiency of vitamins and trace elements. The water must be clean. For feeding, the stalls are equipped with special feeders, where feed is fed with the help of equipment or manually.

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Purchase of young stock and sale of raw materials

The cow breeding business plan includes the purchase of animals. This is the most critical part of the business. It is important to remember here that it is better to buy young animals from a reliable livestock breeder, and it is best to bring your specialist in this business to the deal, who will tell you who is more profitable to buy. When buying, all cows must have a so-called passport, including the date of birth, age, time of vaccination, the names of the diseases that she once suffered from, the number of calvings. Of great importance is the appearance of cows. If you need a cow for milk, then it should have a barrel-shaped body, a large belly, thin bones, weak muscles, small thin horns, an oblong head. In high-yielding cows, the udder is large, tub-shaped or bowl-shaped. After the business bears its first fruits, it is necessary to establish sales of products.

The most preferable option would be to sell milk to nearby dairy factories, and meat to meat processing plants. Young animals can be sold by acquaintance or in the market.