How to write a business plan correctly? We share recommendations, convenient methods, samples and calculations.

Business plan is the document from which implementation should begin. If you do not first calculate expenses and income, do not take into account demand and the presence of already operating competitors, you can waste your budget. In our article you will find a sample business plan with calculations and learn how to prepare it for yourself.

But when the development of a business plan for a small enterprise is needed specifically for investors, guarantors, and creditors, then the document must comply with the requirements of the Federal Small Business Support Fund. You can learn how to draw up a business plan in accordance with these requirements from, and we will look at the brief structure of the plan here.

Structure of a business plan from the Federal Small Business Support Fund:

If you follow all the recommendations of the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business, then it is quite difficult to draw up your own business plan. But there is another way to calculate the prospects of your project - using the SME Business Navigator.

How to write a business plan yourself

If you decide to open such a store, you will need to find the missing amount of 1.7 million rubles. Of course, you can take out a loan, especially since Business Navigator offers you to choose one of the partner banks. However, we must not forget that such interest-bearing borrowed funds increase the cost of the project and extend its payback period. You need to carefully weigh whether this is worth doing.

If you do not want to attract additional funds to the project, especially borrowed funds, then the navigator will prompt you to select the type of business based on the volume of investment. We go to the appropriate tab and see an extensive list of projects that you can start using only your own funds. All that remains is to select several areas that interest you and calculate their payback.

Now you know how to make a business plan with calculations for a small business in a specific situation. On the Internet you will find many more methods for writing and drawing up business plans, samples for different businesses (coffee shop, car service center, beauty salon, etc.). But remember - you need a business plan for your specific business, an individual one, and no one has ever written one for you. This video briefly and succinctly describes how to do this “on the fingers of a milling machine operator”:

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The starting point of a business is always an idea, an initial impulse and a desire to engage in income-generating activities. The question of which direction to choose, which business will go better, is best decided before opening your own individual entrepreneur, LLC or other legal status of the company.

Entrepreneurial people are not inclined to develop strategies on paper; those who are familiar with drawing up a proper business plan can be counted on one hand. But in vain, because it is this financial and economic instrument that helps to calculate possible errors in advance, before the start of active work.

Most people ignore the importance of developing an action plan, considering it unnecessary. However, we have to face situations when the owner of his own business is forced to prepare a business plan. An emergency “plan” is drawn up with ephemeral numbers that are far from reality, but attractive to investors or, for example, to the credit department of a bank.

An entrepreneur who decides to present his miracle project in this way will face, at best, a simple refusal, and at worst, a damaged reputation. Don't underestimate the potential of a real, well-thought-out business plan. In fact, it is needed not for investors, but for the entrepreneur himself, so as not to burn out in the very first months from the start of the business.

2. The procedure for developing a business plan for a small enterprise

If you put together all the goals for which this tool is created, then the basis of the plan is strategic planning. Yes, it is desirable, even mandatory when opening a business. On the other hand, planning in economics is a key point and the key to success.

Therefore, not only newcomers, but also companies that have been working for more than one year develop business plans. For what? To stay afloat. As a rule, in large, reputable companies, an entire department is involved in planning. Having ready-made figures for the company’s work over the past years, it is much easier to analyze and make plans than for pioneers.

So, let's try to explain where to start and how to finish. Let's agree that the business plan is used as a concept for doing business. This means that the following key points need to be worked out:

• - why the business is being created;
• – what is the result of expectations;
• – managerial potential;
• – flexibility of the model;
• – exposure to external factors;
• - financial stability;
• – competitiveness.

3. How to correctly draw up a business plan for a small enterprise

A company's business plan contains goals and plans for which time frames are established. There is no need to rush here, so as not to draw castles in the air. The tasks should be realistically achievable and at the same time a little ambitious.

It is important for potential investors to see the potential of the business and the results of the company’s activities if it has been operating for several years.

The more goals are achieved, the higher the reputation.

It is unnecessary to give specific dates of events in the plan, because you will have to attach schedules and a set of goals to them. Being behind the calendar will cause a negative impression.

For internal use, you can draw up more detailed schedules, and in the business plan you can simply highlight important stages.

Leave dates only where they can be accurately calculated.

Avoiding describing the main stages of business development altogether is not the best option. The reviewer will criticize the dummy plan; in the case of drawing up a development project solely as a personal reference book, the stage-by-stage implementation of goals will more clearly demonstrate the fidelity of the adopted strategy or reveal its shortcomings.

4. Example of a small business business plan

Below is a sample development plan for a small business in the service sector.

Paragraph 1.

The summary is an introductory paragraph; it is dedicated to those whom the company wishes to interest in order to receive additional funds for development.

It is recommended to write a summary after completing work on the entire plan. Why? Because in fact it sets out a summary of the intentions described in detail in each paragraph. The main role of a resume is to interest and encourage further reading.

Example.

This business plan presents a company for servicing office equipment “Epson Service Center”, hereinafter referred to as SC, with the aim of attracting investments of 1 million rubles, which will increase the list of services offered and expand the customer base.

SC is a developing company created by an individual entrepreneur, who is currently the sole and legal owner. Address for contacts: city, street, telephone.

Since the beginning of the business (2008), the entrepreneur regularly underwent training at Authorized Service Centers in Moscow and Novosibirsk.

For the repair of Epson office equipment, there are certificates confirming the level of qualifications, signed by the management of the Japanese company.

Previous work experience allows us to repair printers, scanners, faxes, monitors, plotters, copiers from leading manufacturers of office equipment.

A survey of market potential allows us to draw conclusions about the possibility of expanding the boundaries of activity.

There are no highly qualified specialists in city N; the nearest Epson service center is located 25 km from the city.

In addition, budgetary organizations and credit organizations do not have the opportunity to apply for equipment maintenance to a neighboring city, since it is located in another subject of the Russian Federation.

These organizations are forced to send equipment for maintenance to city A, located 450 km from city N... etc.

Point 2.

If you skip the “resume” item, open the business plan with the “goals and objectives of creating a business” item.

A consistent description of goals is given, where the main task is the benefit of your vigorous activity. It is clear that the owner expects profit; the consumer, on the contrary, is not ready to give away his savings just like that - he wants to see the benefit, the benefit for himself.

Usually, the main points are described here, if they were not previously indicated in the first paragraph, such as the legal form of the business, the availability of own funds, funds, human resources, marketing mix, and assessment of competitors.

Point 3.

Description of the proposed works and services.

The paragraph answers the questions:

• – what your company offers to consumers;
• – description of the list of services (product names);
• – target audience who is able to become interested in these services, works, goods;
• – why the range of services will arouse interest among a certain category of people;
• – why the target audience might be interested in a similar offer from other companies, etc.

Point 4.

Detailed marketing plan.

A marketing plan serves as a tool that determines where to sell. What is to be sold, where, how, why there; how to interest, how to sell, where to look for your consumer.

Market analysis based on marketing research in order to determine the demand for a business product, the ability of potential clients to pay for services, work, goods, and the price range of interests.

Point 5.

Market segment competition analysis.

It is necessary to assess the capabilities of rivals as fully as possible, identify obvious and hidden competitors, and consider options for protecting against the capture of the entire sales market.

Point 6.

Financial plan.

Companies planning to engage in the production of goods supplement the business plan with a “production plan” clause.

1. The financial plan reflects all likely expenses, for example:

• – business registration (in person or through a specialized company);
• – organization of the workplace (purchase of furniture, equipment),
• – rent of premises and equipment;
• – advertising company (ads, signboards, business cards);
• - employee training;
• – taxes;
• – purchase of consumables.

2. All income is taken into account.
It is advisable to be a real optimist: draw up a price list and calculate the amount of possible income.
3. Based on income and expenses, the profitability of the company and the payback period are calculated.
4. Calculation of economic risks.
5. Determination of sources of financing.

Point 7.

Development concept.

Business development plan: where it begins, vision of the business in the future.

5. Download business plans for small businesses for free

Planning and developing an economic concept is titanic work for the common man. There are plans designed for many small business models that are freely available. Any Internet user can download the finished plan. What audience are business plans intended for?

– your company has been firmly on its feet for a long time, nothing overshadows confidence in the future, there is no time to draw up plans, but investors, founders, and credit companies require a business plan;
– you are taking your first steps in the chosen market segment; understanding the nuances is long and difficult.

6. Conclusion

Entrepreneurship, even if it is small, requires knowledge of the basics of economics and tax legislation. The market mechanism operates according to a long-established supply-demand system. You can rely on luck, supernatural instinct, chance. Business loves a pragmatic approach and clear planning.

While enjoying the first profit, the main thing is not to miss the moment when the current costs of increasing the sales market begin to cover the income. An activity plan is created precisely to avoid fatal mistakes that lead to bankruptcy and the collapse of business. Calculate the risks with ready-made business plans, make a reliable investment that guarantees income.

Watch video: “The most successful small business in the world”

Let's give a simple example of a business plan. It should be borne in mind that this is only one of the possible options, and presented in a very compressed form.

Target: Produce confectionery products, mainly cakes, for city residents. Take a leading position in the upper price segment of this market.

Tasks:
1. Create a compact confectionery shop.
2. Provide the production process with the necessary raw materials and labor, some of which will be hired.
3. Initially occupy 30% of the market segment through the implementation of a developed marketing strategy, which involves squeezing out the main competitors with dumping prices and new recipes for the consumer.
4. Raise the missing investment funds from the bank using available real estate as collateral.

An example of drawing up a business plan for an enterprise

Let's look at an example of a manufacturing business plan. It is planned to open a small tailoring shop. Let's consider how promising this business is in a specific market.

1. Summary. Opening of small production on January 1, 2014. Form of ownership – LLC. The planned period is 42 months.

2. General provisions. Purchasing equipment that will allow you to use a variety of fabrics and perform different finishes. It is planned to partially raise borrowed funds for the purchase of equipment and rental of premises. The tailoring service will be provided to the population, as well as to legal entities in need of special clothing, as well as sewing curtains and bedding for subsequent sale.

3. Market analysis and marketing plan. Currently there are 350 enterprises represented on the market. Through strict adherence to deadlines and quality, it is planned to create a positive image of the company, which will allow it to occupy a niche in the market.

4. Costs. Estimated direct and variable costs, including wages and premises rental, for 3 years will amount to 13.5 million rubles. Of these, 50 million rubles are own funds. The planned sales volume will be 15 million rubles, which, minus tax deductions, will allow the project to reach payback by the end of the third year.

5. Production schedule. Release of 1000 units of goods.

6. Investments. Attracting partners on the terms of joint business.

Brief example of a business plan

If you are about to open a shoe repair shop, then in the most general form, developing a business plan using an example looks like this:

• – Fixed costs (equipment) – 300 thousand rubles.
• – Variable costs (threads, glue, rent) - 10 thousand rubles.
• – Investment required – 100 thousand rubles in the form of a bank loan at 23% per annum for 10 years with a progressive scale and deferred repayment for 1 year.
• – Form of ownership – individual entrepreneur
• – Tax deductions 24 thousand rubles.
• – Planned revenue – 20 thousand rubles per month.
• – Revenue for 1 year – 97 thousand rubles.
• – Financial result – 73 thousand rubles.

As a result, the entrepreneur has reasons to invest money in this project. The margin of safety is large enough so that possible deviations from the predicted values ​​do not lead to financial collapse.

Example of a business plan with calculations

Opening a small store selling used children's items also requires a preliminary assessment. Enterprise business plan example:

The assessment of goods purchased from the population will be based on the cost of 1 kg.
To begin with, you will need to create an assortment of 100 units.
The cost of 1 kg is 400 conventional units. One product weighs on average 1 kg. Thus, the cost of the product will be 100 * 100 = 40,000 USD. The cost of replenishing working capital will be 100 units, which equals 10,000 USD. per month
The rent of the premises will be 10,000 USD.
Variable costs, including advertising and unforeseen expenses - 10 USD.

Sales volume in the first 6 months will be 130 products per month;
in subsequent years - 280 products per month.
The average unit price will be 250 USD.
Revenue for 1 year = 130 * 250 * 12 + 280 * 250 * 12 = (10,000 * 12,000 + 40,000 + 10,000 * 12 + 10,000 * 12,000) = 420,195 – 361,240 = 58,955.
The tax will be 25,000 USD.
Financial result – 33,955 USD

At first glance, the business seems attractive, given the low input costs and quick payback, but after performing a simple calculation, the entrepreneur will come to the conclusion that the profitability is very low and, although the risk is small (the product is in stable demand), it is unprofitable to engage in this business without achieving scale .

View an example of a business plan

Schematically planning, for example, growing vegetables looks like this:

1. Summary. A summary of the remaining pages is shown here.
2. Marketing part. Who will be the buyer and how will it be possible to conquer the market? Settlement part – 5 tons of carrots for 100,000 USD
3. Costs. Rent of land and equipment – ​​27,000 USD
Payment for hired labor – 30,000 USD.
4. Revenue– 23 USD
5. Sources of financing. Bank loan for 50,000 USD at 18% per annum for 10 years.
6. Financial result– 9 USD

This activity, if the pessimistic scenario is fulfilled, will not generate income at all in the first year. In addition, the entrepreneur will be able to work fully and invest in development only after repaying the entire loan amount.

Download ready-made examples of business plans

On this resource you can download examples of business plans for free. Downloading the file makes it possible to get acquainted with more detailed calculation options, which will allow you not only to understand the essence, but also to make, by analogy, your own calculation to justify the feasibility of investing funds.

If you have no experience at all, it is not at all necessary to order development from a specialized company. It is enough to get acquainted with an example of planning for a similar activity, where you can study in detail the features of market analysis and calculation of production costs for a particular business.

To download, click on the link:

Be sure to watch the video: “What is a business plan?”

Business plan has many definitions, but in short: This is a step-by-step instruction for bringing any business idea to life. Planning a future business or improving an existing enterprise is not only a basic requirement for investors, creditors and partners, but also a necessity for a businessman.
Drawing up a business plan implies a deep and accurate analysis of all aspects of the future enterprise, and this allows you to turn the idea into specific goals and numbers. And also, a business plan is always an unfinished book, since in the process of changes in economic conditions, the competitive environment, and the investment market, adjustments can always be made to successfully promote the business.

Any business idea can become a successful business if the future entrepreneur clearly understands what he needs to implement his plans. It is the business plan that is the starting point for starting a business, which makes it possible to assess the real state of affairs, study the market and competitors, give an adequate assessment of your capabilities, and think about how to make your business unique, and therefore in demand.

Basic principles for preparing a business plan

So what should must be in the business plan .

1) Project summary. This is a concise description of a business idea, a vision of development and tools to achieve results. The resume should also show what advantages you see in your business compared to other players in the market. In one word, this section should give a brief description of your business idea.

2) Information about the company. Here it is necessary to indicate the name of the enterprise, form of ownership, legal and actual address of the company, and describe the structure of the enterprise.

It is also necessary to describe the goods or services that you are going to market with the production or sale of.

Indicate the main goals of the enterprise.

3) Market analysis. This part involves considering the conditions in which you are going to enter the market - the competitive environment, demand, what price you are going to charge, and what profit you will make over the next three years. It is also necessary to indicate which advantages of your products or services will be especially attractive to consumers.

4) Product. This part should contain a detailed description of the future goods or services that you will offer the consumer. You also need to indicate which target audience your activities will be aimed at, indicate future suppliers, partners, contractors and other contractors with whom you plan to cooperate.

5) Development strategy. This section involves a description of the development tools for the future enterprise - growth rates, advertising, possible expansion.

6) Tools for the operation of the enterprise. This chapter needs to reflect information about what equipment you are going to use, how to package the goods, deliver them, and if these are services, then where you will provide them and by what means.

Also in this section it is worth including information about your team - from management to support workers.

7) Financial analysis. This section is key in a business plan , which should support your idea in numbers. Here it is necessary to analyze and calculate all the costs associated with the organization of the enterprise, its location, maintenance costs, payment of employees, payments to suppliers, etc. You need to take everything into account, right down to buying a pack of paper.

Also in this section, include information about your actions in the event of debt from partners, customers or suppliers. What debt repayment schemes are you going to use, and how can you protect yourself from such situations.

8) Accompanying documents. This is certainly not a section, but an important component of the business plan. It is necessary to attach all documents directly related to the enterprise as a legal entity, lease agreement, resume, job descriptions, etc.

Common mistakes in business plans

Examples of business plans can be viewed endlessly, but a beginner cannot always see the main shortcomings of a business plan. Often, a business idea does not come to fruition because it is absolutely impossible to see the main essence and advantages of the future enterprise in the business plan.

So let's consider main mistakes that inexperienced businessmen make when working on a business plan:

• Unnecessary information. Often business plans are written in such a way that behind the description of the professional skills of employees, information about the business itself is lost, or a story about competitors turns into an essay “Who today offers the same products as mine and what a great guy I am, what can I do better (or cheaper) )". In fact, a list of competitors, a few words about the pros and cons of their work, pricing policy and an indication of your advantages in comparison with them is enough.

• Unreasonable numbers . As mentioned earlier, financial analysis is decisive for the business plan, so all calculations must be made based on real numbers. Of course, it’s easier and faster to estimate by eye, but if you seriously decide to run your own business, then remember that any business loves accuracy.

In order for an investor to become interested in you, work hard to ensure that everything the numbers in the business plan were reasonable. Keep in mind that investors and creditors go into negotiations prepared, since it is their money that is at stake. And, if there is even a slight uncertainty about the reality of your calculations, you can forget about investing in your business.

• Vague information about goals and tools for achieving them . This problem usually arises when there is an idea, but there is no vision for its implementation, or this vision does not have a finished form. Roughly speaking, if the future businessman has not thought everything through.

A business plan must disclose a list of specific goals and ways to implement them, work with the target audience, assessing their solvency, a clear definition of the place in the market that you plan to occupy, and who exactly will be your main competitor. Indicate what is the basis for such conclusions (analysis, market research, survey, etc.).

• Overestimated expected result . Often, when calculating the potential profitability of a future business, entrepreneurs' dreams take precedence over real numbers. You shouldn’t get carried away by what you want, but rather take an honest look at reality. If adequate numbers are taken into account in the financial analysis, then the expected financial result will also have a realistic appearance.

Don't try to impress creditors, partners and investors with profits of 500%. Believe me, they will calculate your result much faster and more accurately in their heads, because their experience and knowledge will be greater than yours. And if the idea presented is worthwhile, even if not profitable from the first day, but promising in the future, it will not be ignored.

Example of a business plan

So let's consider example of a business plan for a cafe " Goodtime ».

1. Summary .

Name – Cafe “Goodtime”.

Organizational and legal form – Limited Liability Company.

Location – Kyiv

Services provided - Cafe, bar, karaoke, holding festive events, conducting trainings, seminars.

Working hours – 8.00-23.00 without breaks and days off.

Staff – 1 manager, 2 administrators, 1 bartender, 4 waiters, 2 cooks, 1 art director, 1 cleaner, 2 dishwashers.

The required starting capital is UAH 500,000.00.

Expenses per month – 197,000.00 UAH.

The planned return on investment period is 18 months.

Competition is high

Demand is high

Planned income per month – 180,000.00 UAH.

Planned consumption – 120,000.00 UAH.

Planned net profit – 60,000.00 UAH.

1. Cafe services and products .

Cafe "Goodtime" will provide the following services:

1) Cafe, bar services.

2) Conducting trainings and seminars.

3) Themed parties.

4) Karaoke services.

5) Providing Wi-Fi for visitors.

6) Separate playroom for children.

Products that the Goodtime cafe will sell:

1) Confectionery products of our own production.

2) Semi-finished products of our own production.

3) Lunch/dinner delivered to your home or to-go.

4) Sale of coffee and tea by weight.

1. The target audience .

The cafe is aimed at people aged 18-55 with average and above average income. They should be interested in spending time in a cozy atmosphere, with the opportunity to participate in interesting programs and sing karaoke songs. Each client must generate income in the amount of 50-250 UAH.

Also planned consumers of services are small companies that are interested in holding events for small groups of people of 10-30 people.

1. Marketing methods .

1) Distribution of flyers-invitations to the opening.

1. Customer Retention Tools .

1) Interesting menu, the ability to prepare dishes to order.

2) Promotions, discounts for regular customers.

3) Holding interesting themed parties.

4) Gifts for regular customers in the form of desserts and drinks.

5) Service at the highest level.

1. Competitors .

The Goodtime cafe will be opened in the center of the residential area, where there are also 4 cafes of a similar level. But our cafe will have the following advantages:

1) Availability of karaoke;

2) Availability of a children's playroom;

3) Possibility of ordering food at home;

4) Theme evenings.

5) The location of the cafe has convenient access and parking space.

1. Action plan for opening a cafe .

1) Market analysis.

2) Team selection.

3) Renovation of the premises.

4) Purchase of necessary equipment and supplies for work.

5) Development of the menu and plan for upcoming events.

6) Registration of activities and obtaining all necessary permits.

8) Checking the cafe for functionality.

9) Opening.

1. The financial analysis .

One-time costs:

1. Purchase of equipment and inventory – 350,000.00 UAH.
2. Repair of premises – 150,000.00 UAH.

Total: 500,000.00 UAH.

Recurrent costs:

1. Rent – ​​50,000.00 UAH.
2. Salary – 48,000.00 UAH.
3. Utility bills, internet – 8,000.00 UAH.
4. Purchase of products – 70,000.00 UAH.
5. Taxes and fees – 21,000.00 UAH.

Total: 197,000.00 UAH.

Payback period:

Provided that the cafe will be visited by 50 people per day and the income from each will be 150 UAH, the payback period will occur in 18 months.

50 people *150 UAH*30 days =225,000.00 UAH.

225,000.00 UAH. – 197,000.00 UAH. = 28,000.00 UAH.

500,000.00 UAH/28,000.00 UAH. = 17.86 ≈18 months.

Conclusion

Provided that the idea is implemented correctly and the advertising company, cafe administration and art director work effectively, you can count on profit after the first month of work. Considering that the cafe opens in the fall, high traffic is expected in the next 6-9 months. To retain customers in the summer, it is possible to open a summer area in the future.

So, it is possible to draw up a business plan yourself. A simplified version is given here due to the fact that it concerns production issues. Also, keep in mind that this is just an example, so the numbers shown are very approximate. If you decide to use it as a basis, conduct a thorough analysis of the financial side of the issue yourself.

And yet, if you are not sure about the issue of business planning, then you can always use the services of professionals who will work through your idea well and turn it into quality business plan.

But, the main thing is to persistently move towards your goal and not despair, because mistakes are always possible. The most important thing in business is not that you should not make mistakes, but the ability to quickly navigate the situation and choose the right direction to solve problems.

Alexey Zhumataev

Examples of business plans 2016

Good day! Today I want to write an article about examples of free business plans in 2016, these business plans are my own with calculations.

I post them completely free of charge and the number of business plans is constantly growing.

All business plans are 100% ready and are step-by-step instructions for opening a particular business.

If you want to do it yourself, you can look at the instructions on how to write them and there is also a standard sample business plan there.

Let's look at ready-made business plans in which I carried out calculations and also recorded explanatory videos:

Examples of business plans with calculations

Free business plans for the service sector:

A ready-made sample business plan for those who decide to open their own gym. In addition to the business plan for the gym, there are 5 more articles detailing the process of creating your own business. They cover issues of gym equipment, choosing premises, how to advertise correctly, calculations of income and expenses, as well as its further development.

A ready-made sample business plan for those who decide to start their own business by providing plumbing services. In addition to the business plan for plumbing services, there are articles covering this topic in detail. Advertising, required equipment and calculations of the profitability of this business.

A ready-made sample business plan for those who want to open their own service station. The free business plan for a service station is also supplemented with extended articles on how to choose a premises, conduct an advertising campaign, select equipment, and calculate the profitability of a service station.

A ready-made sample business plan for those who want to open their own car service center. The free business plan for a car service is also supplemented with articles on how to advertise a car service, equipment for a car service, the development of this business, as well as calculations of its profitability.