Pork is the most purchased type of meat. This is one of the main reasons why novice farmers prefer to breed pigs. In addition, the process of caring for these animals is less time-consuming and costly than for cattle. This is true for just developing entrepreneurship, as well as for those who work alone.

General characteristics of the business

According to statistics, the consumption of pork meat in Russia is 2 million tons annually. Therefore, there is a demand for these meat products. In addition, due to the current situation in the foreign market, imported meat has become a rare product, so the need for domestic supplies has increased. Conclusion: breeding pigs is promising.

Pig breeding is the cultivation and breeding of several heads of pigs in order to obtain and sell the product. At the initial stages of business, dairy pigs are acquired, which are fattened, and they are properly cared for. As soon as artiodactyls gain the desired weight (usually 100 kg or more), they are sent for slaughter, receiving meat, offal and lard. Several pigs are left for offspring.

Advantages and disadvantages of pig farming

Raising pigs as a business has its pros and cons.

Advantages:

• short period of growing animals - from six months to 9 months;
• high productivity: from a hundred kilogram pork carcass, the output is 55% meat and 35% fat;
• high and fast fertility: for 1 time the sow brings offspring of 10-15 piglets, and the gestation time lasts 3.5 months;
• omnivorous pigs: these domestic animals are one of the few that are able to eat everything that they are offered;
• constant high demand for finished products.

Flaws:

• caring for pigs is a laborious and difficult process, which involves both cleaning the animals themselves and cleaning the pigsty, carried out 1 time in 4-5 days;
• newborn piglets, a farrowing sow and a female preparing for this process are subject to special careful care and supervision and must be kept separately from other individuals;
• significant capital investment required to start a business. More details about where to get money for business development - will tell;
• pigs are more susceptible to infection with infectious diseases than other domestic animals, which can reduce the number of livestock in a few days, so it is necessary to comply with sanitary standards for keeping animals, as well as vaccinate on time.

Approximate starting capital

The opening of pig breeding requires certain initial investments, which, with the successful development of the business, will pay off in a short time (six months to a year). Next, we present an approximate initial cost, taking into account that the entrepreneur already has a land plot:

Thus, to start the development of the livestock business, you will need to invest 120-130 thousand rubles.

Profitability, payback

In the livestock industry, raising pigs is the most profitable business. According to statistics, it is from this business that the owners have 20%, while poultry farming brings 15-17%, and cattle breeding - no more than 10%.

But before you start counting, you need to open a business, having previously assessed the profitability of the future enterprise. To do this, a detailed calculation of the initial investment and possible production costs is carried out. In addition, it is necessary to take into account all types of products that will be obtained from pig breeding: meat, lard, manure.

What is included in the concept of initial costs:

• purchase or lease of land;
• construction of pigsties;
• purchase of the necessary equipment;
• acquisition of the first individuals for further breeding.

It is not uncommon for a novice pig breeder to already have his own land, even if not for an industrial scale. In this case, the maximum expenses will be directed to the construction of sheds and pens for pigs, as well as their equipment.

Production costs are as follows:

• feed, medicines for animals;
• payment for electricity, fuel, water;
• salaries for working personnel;
• transportation costs;
• other minor expenses.

At this point, the most expensive item is the purchase of pig feed, since it will need to be purchased constantly and in considerable quantities. It is also worth setting the amount of wages for workers, which varies depending on the region.

You can make an approximate profit calculation: if 1 kg of pork costs an average of 300 rubles, then one adult pig weighing more than 100 kg will bring a profit of 25,000-27,000 rubles. If we take as a basis the percentage of profitability from the case at 20%, then the net income per animal will be 4000-5000 rubles.

What breeds of pigs to breed?

In total, there are just over 100 breeds of pigs in the world. All of them differ in color, size and maximum weight gained. It is customary to subdivide all representatives of these artiodactyls into 4 groups of production value:

• meat;
• sebaceous;
• meat-fat.

Meat, or bacon, breeds are represented by several varieties, but for the Russian regions the most suitable are:

• Don;
• Kemerovo;
• Urzhumskaya;
• large black.

Such pigs quickly gain weight over 250 kg, build up a lot of meat, have good frost resistance and immunity, and are less whimsical about keeping.

If a novice entrepreneur prefers to breed pigs for lard, then he should make a choice in favor of the following breeds:

• Ukrainian steppe;
• Mirgorodskaya;
• Mangalitskaya;
• black large.

Representatives of sebaceous species can be distinguished by their characteristic external features:

• large dimensions;
• in a fattened adult animal, the girth of the sternum is equal to or greater than the length of the body;
• the head is large, the jaw is massive;
• curled ears hanging over the eyes;
• the neck is weakly expressed: the head flows smoothly into the body;
• legs of pigs are short but massive;
• the skin is lined with long, thick and soft bristles.

Bacon breeds, which are also suitable for business development in Russia:

• white meat;
• meat Duroc;
• Estonian bacon;
• Landrace;
• Pietrain;
• Tamworth.

The universal (meat) breed is the most suitable for home breeding pigs. The thing is that from these animals you can get and sell sufficient amounts of meat and fat, and fat is formed in mature individuals. Its layer is small, the texture is soft and tender.

The most popular universal breeds are:

• white large;
• Breitian;
• Siberian northern.

For breeding pigs, it is required to provide decent care for animals, otherwise the business will not bring profit. This will require:

• Regular feeding with balanced food. If at home pigs are bred not for themselves, but for sale, then for active and rapid growth they need to be fed not only with food waste and plant products, but also with balanced feed, which will have to be purchased from the manufacturer. In addition, animals need constant access to clean water.
• Good pigsties, which should be spacious, clean, insulated and without drafts. Separate pens for young piglets and sows should also be provided in pigsties.
• To develop a profitable business, the animals must be cared for by hired specialists: veterinarians, animal technicians and agronomists.

Equipment

For a decent development of domestic pig production, as well as to facilitate the care of animals, some equipment for small enterprises will be needed:

• automated feeders that independently control the number and time of distribution of portions;
• organic waste disposal systems;
• ventilation ducts and installations for rooms with more than 10 pigs;
• systems that regulate and maintain optimal temperature conditions.

Breeding

Since the breeding of pigs is designed to make a profit, it is necessary to constantly replenish the number of pigs. This requires mating of sows with males. Animals are ready for the breeding process already in the first six months of life, but experts recommend keeping males away from females earlier than after 10 months.

If the female is not ready for farrowing, then this is fraught with the following consequences:

• death of offspring and sow;
• health problems in piglets and females;
• an increase in excess fat or underweight in offspring.

The sow needs to be prepared for mating: wait for the age of 10 months, fatten to a large size.

The process of mating male and female should take place in a separate paddock. Also, a separate place will be required when farrowing a sow. In anticipation of the appearance of piglets, the place must be cleaned and disinfected, the necessary instruments for childbirth must be prepared, and the presence of a veterinarian is also necessary.

Prevention and treatment of diseases

Pigs are prone to diseases that often provoke their death. In order to prevent a decrease in the number of individuals, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures:

• monitoring the external state and behavior of individuals;
• control over the feeding process;
• regular temperature measurement rectally;
• regular cleaning of the premises for keeping artiodactyls.

As for the treatment of infectious diseases, in some cases it is not carried out - the infected animal is simply killed. Some types of diseases are treated with antibiotics, serums, vaccinations.

Watch the video, which tells about the personal experience of breeding pigs for sale, the features of their maintenance and feeding, the potential benefits:

Legal registration of a pig breeding business

Domestic pig farming carried out for profit must be legal and legally registered. To do this, you will need to prepare a package of documents that you can collect on your own or with the help of a specialist.

First you need to issue if the number of heads exceeds the mark of 100 individuals. If the farm is more modest than the indicated figure, then you can arrange a simple household plot.

For individual entrepreneurs, when registering a business, you will need to indicate - the All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activity - with the number "01.46.11", which stands for "raising pigs for meat."

Breeding pigs is a laborious process, which, with the proper approach, will begin to bring decent profit for home business in a couple of years. With the development of pig breeding, it is possible to grow from a small farm into an industrial enterprise that brings even greater income.

Domestic pig breeding does not require large investments, but brings a fairly high profit.

1. Prepare a business plan that will cover all aspects of your future pig farm, including information about the premises, population, breed, estimated costs, and meat marketing channels.

2. Make a drawing and build a pigsty of the required size and configuration (livestock sizes and other data for calculations should already be in the business plan), purchase the necessary equipment.

3. Purchase piglets of the selected breed.

How to choose a pig breed

Experts number about one and a half hundred breeds different areas of productivity. The best for breeding in the climatic conditions of the Russian middle zone are:

• large white: this meat and tallow breed is the best choice for beginner pig breeders: it is characterized by high fertility (13 or more piglets per farrow) and unpretentiousness in terms of feed. The disadvantages include the fact that animals are prone to obesity and do not tolerate severe frosts. The average weight of an adult pig is about 185-215 kilograms;
• Siberian northern: animals of this breed, unlike large white pigs, tolerate frost well, but are also highly productive (an average of 11 piglets per farrow). The average weight of an animal is 230-250 kilograms;
• Vietnamese bellied: this bacon breed is unpretentious in terms of maintenance and nutrition, it is distinguished by strong immunity and good health. The disadvantages include high susceptibility to drafts and cold, as well as relatively low productivity (8-10 piglets per farrow). The average weight of an adult animal is 90-135 kilograms.

How to build a pigsty

A pigsty is a spacious insulated room with separate pens (machines). The area of ​​the pen is calculated based on the number of animals, their sex, age and purpose of keeping, as a rule, is about 12 square meters.

This is enough to keep 1-2 breeding animals and up to a dozen fattening pigs.

The area of ​​the stall for a breeding boar should be at least 8 square meters, for a sow with piglets - ten "squares" or more.

Thus, to keep 50 heads, a pigsty with a dozen pens is required. The total area of ​​the premises, taking into account the passage (passages), will be about 190-200 square meters. The best design for a small farm is a two-row pigsty with one aisle (the aisle is in the center of the room, the pens are near the walls).

To prevent manure from accumulating, the floors should be made slotted with manure collectors, from which it is necessary to make outlets to the sewer system.

The pigsty should have windows for natural light, lamps to provide artificial light, and must be equipped with a quality ventilation system. Harsh climatic conditions may also require the installation of a heating system, but if the temperature does not fall below -20 degrees Celsius, it can be abandoned.

Materials for the pigsty

A pigsty can be built from any material: wood, stone, clay, concrete and others, but most often, due to operational features and relatively low cost, bricks and cinder blocks are used.

The outer walls of the building are built from these versatile materials, while the internal partitions are usually made of thick boards.

There are also prefabricated pigsties that are assembled from sandwich panels or separate multi-layer modules, but such structures are expensive. In addition, if it is necessary to modify the internal structure of the room, difficulties may arise. It is convenient to use such pigsties in industrial pig breeding, and when it is better to stay on traditional materials.

What to feed pigs

Feeding pigs is the main expense of a pig farm, so you need to think carefully about this point, and try to reduce the cost of feeding as much as possible. Nevertheless, the reduction in price should not affect the quality: the feed mixture must be properly balanced and formulated taking into account the characteristics of a particular breed and the age of the animals.

Good food is the key to quality meat and, accordingly, future profits. The cheapest feed, consisting mainly of potatoes, corn, wheat bran and beet molasses, negatively affects the quality characteristics of pork. At the same time, barley, wheat, rye, carrots, beets, peas and beans - on the contrary, improve the quality of meat, making it more tender and tasty.

Since quality feeds are expensive, they are usually mixed with grass feeds. containing clover and alfalfa, and also add a small amount of cheaper feed. But it should be borne in mind that cheap feed should be removed from the animal's diet at least two months before slaughter - this minimizes their negative impact on taste characteristics.

How to breed pigs

To maintain the livestock, it is necessary to have about a quarter of breeding sows in the livestock, and the ratio of the number of boars to the number of sows should be about 1 to 10, that is, there should be no more than 12 breeding sows and two boars per 50 heads.

This ratio will provide a small annual increase in livestock. If gain is not required, the number of breeding sows can be reduced.

Costs and profits

The construction of a pigsty for 50 heads will cost 15-20 thousand dollars, (feeders, drinkers, thermometers, etc.) - another 1-2 thousand. About 5 thousand more dollars will have to be spent on the purchase of feed and vitamin supplements.

Total investment including veterinary and labor costs(1 person is enough to serve 50 heads) - about 25 thousand dollars.

Each sow brings from 10 to 20 piglets per year. During the year, piglets grow up to 100-150 kilograms, reaching their maximum weight at the age of 2-3 years. The average yield (meat and fat) is about 80 percent of the total weight of the animal. Estimated profit: about 7-8 thousand dollars a year. You can increase income by selling by-products (skins, blood, offal, etc.).

In domestic countries, farming has always been considered a fairly profitable business, because here nature has created good conditions for raising animals. And many people have built a business on raising pigs and selling their meat, because such an occupation is considered quite profitable and has not lost its relevance for many years.

Pigs are chosen for rearing precisely because of the rapid weight gain, and when using the right feed, you can get about 85% of the useful weight from one head. Also, with proper organization of the diet and selection, you can get a weight of 100 kg after 6 months.

They also choose a pig for business for the reason that they are very prolific. A sow is capable of producing 10 to 15 piglets at a time.

If you create optimal conditions, the animal will practically not get sick and multiply quickly. But before you start making a profit from pigs, you need to think through many nuances well, and first of all develop a business plan.

Important: the business of selling pork meat is very profitable, as evidenced by statistics. Russians consume an average of 2 million tons per year.

For the CIS countries, it is easier to sell pork from their own market without exporting from other countries. Export meat has recently decreased, so you can take the counters with your own, high-quality product. The meat production business has a couple of advantages:

• The pig grows quickly and is ready for slaughter within a year;
• The purchasing power of pork is at a high level, there is practically no waste left;
• It is possible to increase the growth of the business due to the regular farrowing of the sow, which gives 10-12 piglets;
• You can start a business with little cost and minimal territory.

If you are already building Napoleonic plans and aiming for a serious start, be careful. Experienced farmers advise in advance to get a small number of pigs - up to 20 pieces is quite enough for a start and the first good profit.

You can breed such an amount on the site of your own house or in the country, and it is not necessary to register a business. It is needed only on a larger scale.

But for the implementation of the business you need the following:

• an area that, if necessary, can be increased or provided for walking animals;
• 10-20 piglets;
• small funds.

Please note that we are considering setting up a business with pigs at the initial stage, without affecting large pigsties with permits.

Arrangement of a pigsty

The business plan for piglets begins with the creation of the right conditions. Most raise pigs on their own property. According to statistics, about 150 km.m are required for 10 goals. earth. But keep in mind that the pigsty itself will occupy 1/3 of this territory, so in extreme cases you can reduce the above area by reducing the walking area.

Pigs can be placed in a barn or create a separate room. It is carried out according to the usual requirements, where it is important to consider the following:

• The floor must be filled with concrete;
• For each pig, create sections of 2 square meters;
• Walls and ceilings should not allow heat and moisture to pass through;
• Sections must be separated by plywood or wood;
• The room must be ventilated;
• Arrange special baths for waste disposal;
• Lighting must be sufficient.

A pig needs bedding in the form of straw or sawdust to create optimal conditions.

What breed is the most profitable?

An important stage of the pig business is. The most successful will be the meat breed, but it depends on the purchasing power and the availability of the desired breed in your area. Farmers distinguish several types of pigs:

1. Universal. An excellent option for obtaining meat and fat, there is a lot of high quality meat here. We advise you to choose the Mangalitsa or Korean breeds.
2. Meat. Outwardly, usually black in color, they breed in average numbers, but give good meat. The best representatives are called the Ukrainian steppe breed and Mirgorodskaya.
3. Meat-bacon. Represented by a white color, have an elongated long torso and noticeably strong legs. The quality of meat in such pigs is at the highest level. We advise you to pay attention to the Duroc, Vietnamese and Don breeds.

How to feed and maintain pigs?

Please note that after you have built sections for pigs, it is important to consider the location of the animals. According to the rules, two boars or a sow with a boar must not be placed together. If the pig is raising piglets, this will require a separate section.

Many people try to feed pigs as cheaply as possible, but in reality this will not give tangible results. If you do not provide, the weight gain per day will be reduced, and the taste of meat will not be the same.

Pig breeders distinguish three types of feed, the first two are in demand the most and can be combined.

1. Hard food- wheat, legumes, beets, carrots.
2. green crops, useful herb in the form of clover or alfalfa.
3. Various vegetables, in particular corn, potatoes and millet. Such feed should be excluded in the next 6 months before the slaughter of the pig.

If you want to raise meatier pigs, add green fodder to your diet. In order for the pig to give enough fat, consider introducing root crops and barley into the diet.

Possible costs

If you intend to increase the number of heads to 130, while you do not have a summer cottage or residential area for breeding, a certain group of expenses will be required. Starting a pig farming business will require the following costs:

1. Lease of a land plot - about 100,000 rubles;
2. Arrangement of a pigsty - 20,000 rubles;
3. Purchase of special equipment - 400-500 thousand rubles;
4. Purchase of piglets - 300,000 rubles;
5. Registration of documentation - 10,000 rubles;
6. Food for the first time - 25,000 rubles;
7. Services for light and water - 20,000 rubles;
8. Salary costs for a veterinarian and workers - 100-130 thousand rubles.

As we see from the above calculations, in order to keep pigs in the amount of 130 pieces, it will be necessary to allocate enough funds, most of which will go to special equipment, the purchase of young animals and a land plot.

Of course, the numbers are not exact and depend on your region of residence. But about 1,000,000 rubles will have to be spent on 130 heads of pigs.

Business Benefit

According to approximate data, after 6 months of effective fattening, pigs can be slaughtered. 125 heads can either be put on sale as a whole, or butchered and sold for meat. The meat production business is quite profitable, but 5 heads or preferably more will have to be left for further development.

Let's calculate the approximate profit: 1 kg of meat costs 250 rubles on the market. A half-year-old pig in the amount of 125 pieces will give the farmer a “dirty profit” of 3,100,000 rubles. But we take away the costs of maintenance, including food every month, salaries to employees, utilities. As a result, approximately 1,500,000 rubles of profit will be obtained, which will be used as reimbursement for the initial costs of opening.

Outcome: the pig business is quite profitable, because the payback is about 6 months.

Where to sell pigs and meat?

In any business, it is important not so much production as the sale of the resulting products. Pork meat is in great demand, so you can make a profit in the following ways:

• Own implementation of meat in the market or retail outlets;
• Sale of live weight pigs without slaughter;
• Sale of piglets after farrowing.

Most farmers slaughter their own pigs, butcher them and sell them in markets or their own outlets.

You can also sell a large amount of meat to various shops, restaurants and cafes. If your products are of high quality, the cost of meat and the demand for it will be higher.

If you are raising pigs for the purpose of selling piglets, this solution is quite profitable, provided you have good sows. The sale is carried out on the market.