As soon as an investor or a novice trader thinks about what to do with his savings, he inevitably faces the question: “Where to start?”

In fact, you shouldn’t put money in the bank at ridiculous interest rates. Moreover, you won’t receive this interest later. If we also take into account the very real prospect of losing the entire amount in the same bank, then the benefits of such a management of money become quite obvious. Approximately these thoughts tormented the author when he thought about the unenviable fate of investors who entrust their money to all sorts of scammers. This was probably the impetus for me to follow the thorny path of a stock exchange player. Naturally, first of all, the author was faced with the same question - "Where to begin?".

Stock trading for beginners

The simplicity of the question touched me, but it didn’t make it any easier. It is not worth reproducing here the entire path that the author had to go through before he understood what needed to be done when the intention to trade on stock markets arose.
Having many mistakes behind him, made solely due to a lack of experience and knowledge, he decided to present here his main considerations about where, in fact, one should start. So, the first question to be solved looks quite simple.

1 It goes something like this: “What markets will I trade in?”
But this question seems simple only at first glance. In fact, it is fraught with danger, because without paying proper attention to it, you can very realistically find yourself in a dead end. The thing is that every market has its own characteristics. At the same time, they inevitably give rise to certain “pros” and “cons,” which, in turn, have more or less weight for each individual person, depending on his personal preferences.
To make it easier to understand this issue, we will try to consider all its components in order. This will allow you to organize your thoughts into a system. First of all, you should find out the geographical location of trade. In other words, in which market, based on territoriality, will trade operations most likely be conducted? For Russian investors and traders, there are basically three such points: Russia, Europe, and the USA.
Some, however, may turn to other markets - Australia, India, Asia in general, etc. - but still it’s rather exotic. In each case, the procedure is almost the same: you need to choose a brokerage firm, open an account, and then you can trade, not forgetting, of course, to transfer money in a timely manner. But this should not be done first, but at least only after you read this article.
The second problem is related to the first and may require you to rethink a previously made decision. The problem is figuring out what to trade. This question is not idle. The Bloomberg news agency reported in early 2000 that it broadcast market data on approximately 2.5 million financial products. To view all this data, spending only one second on each product, will require exactly a month of continuous work. It is unlikely that anyone will want to experience such pleasure for themselves.

In reality, to solve this problem they turn to the so-called “market segmentation”. In simple terms, each type of financial instrument belongs to a specific segment. There is a property market (equity). The most active market here is the corporate stock market. There is also a bond market, which is usually divided into the market for corporate bonds and government debt securities.
Also considered the most famous is the commodity futures market (commodity), where transactions are made on futures not only for commodities, but also for currencies and indices. And finally, we should mention the market for cash foreign exchange transactions - the Forex market. There are other, smaller ones, but in this case it is not so important.

How to understand all this and what to give preference to? Usually this is a personal matter for everyone, so it is extremely difficult to advise here. As a rule, investors and traders who are concerned about their capital prefer the stock and futures markets. Some people are drawn to currency trading. Here you need to pay attention to one circumstance: the selected market segment is very closely related to which territory you prefer to trade.
If you are planning to trade futures, then in Russia you are unlikely to have anywhere to turn around, unless you are going to specialize in one or two financial instruments. The most developed futures market right now is America, where you can even find temperature trading contracts. The same can be said about the stock market.

Once you have at least tentatively decided what to trade, you should think about how to obtain data from the market and how much it will cost. The question is important, and in no case should it be discounted, since it can easily affect the previously made decision. To make it clear what we are talking about, imagine this picture.
You intend to trade on the European stock market. How many information sources can you find? How many programs can you find that can be considered as alternative options? In any case, a lot of effort will be spent. At the same time, there is more than enough information about the American market - it’s not even easy to hide from it!

Accordingly, the most comprehensive offer is of software products that provide analysis of the American market specifically across the entire range of financial instruments. The same can be said about data providers. This is an important point, since the choice of an acceptable amount of inevitable costs depends on it. In addition, ordinary investors and traders now usually use the Internet to connect to the data flow. As practice shows, it is easier to obtain data from America than from neighboring Germany.

Now it’s time to think about why, in fact, all this is being done. A question with an obvious trick. Ninety-five percent of traders, and perhaps more, answer it something like this: “To make money.” Unfortunately, this answer is incorrect. If you start with such reasoning, then it is indeed better to take the money to the bank, even with dubious prospects of getting it back. After all, monetary losses become almost inevitable in this case. The correct answers may sound something like this: “to successfully invest money”, “to improve the management of your own funds”, “to receive additional income in exchange for some risk”, etc. The difference in the answers obviously seems quite insignificant to you. In fact, it is huge. To understand this, you should turn to a solution to such a problem as market analysis.

Thus, in the next step, you need to understand the principles of conducting market analysis. Currently, there are many theories and a wide variety of opinions on this matter. One of the most common methods is technical analysis. What it is? This approach is based on the assumption that the use of various indicators, as well as the study of price bar configurations, will help in predicting the market situation in the future. Proponents of fundamental analysis call this a fallacy and are of the opinion that by studying the economic environment, more significant results can be achieved.

In practice, both of them turn out to be idealists, because neither approach guarantees complete success and is not able to protect against serious mistakes. The only way is to combine both approaches through your own common sense. When studying how to conduct market research that precedes fundamental decisions for a trader, you should turn to publications that are devoted specifically to this topic - technical and fundamental analysis. Now the reader can familiarize himself with such an extremely useful magazine as “Technical Analysis: Stocks & Futures”.

As you learn the basics of analysis, a rethinking of the market usually occurs. This leads to the need to reconsider our understanding of the tools that are used in analysis. Having penetrated deeper into the specifics of market analysis, you may realize that you need a completely different software product that provides analysis. Even if such a feeling does not arise, at this stage it is still recommended to reflect on the question: “How to conduct market analysis?” In other words, which technical analysis package should you choose?

At this stage, you should at least first decide what type of trading operations you intend to carry out. This is an extremely important question, since there are four main alternatives: day trading (trading a large number of securities with fixation of small amounts of exchange rate changes within 1/8 or so), intraday-intraday trading (involves opening and closing trading positions within the trading day), short-term trading (Short-Term - usually understood as trading lasting several days), and, finally, Long-Term trading (Long-Term - this usually refers to trading that lasts from 30-40 days). As you understand, the choice of the above-mentioned types of trading depends on your preferred investment horizons.

And only now we have to decide the question: “Which broker should I trade through?” It is clear that the choice of a broker and the conditions he offers depends on the type of trading behavior. If you intend to day trade, you should contact a firm that provides direct access to the “trading space”. Short-term trading is not so demanding; here you can limit yourself to a regular online broker. For long-term trading, a phone is often enough. Of course, all this should not be taken as dogma, but it should still be taken as a basis. Commission; the quality of the software product that allows entering orders into the system (if this is not done through a Web browser); reliability of connection with the broker's server; the speed and quality of execution of entered orders - all these are very important little things that should be carefully weighed before giving preference to one or another company. And here it doesn’t hurt to find out through which clearing company the brokerage firm you are interested in works through, how client orders are routed, and what are the reviews about this firm. The resources of the NASDAQ website provide coordinates by which you can find out, for example, whether there have been negative moments in the history of a particular company. And it is highly recommended to do this! Sometimes it is also important how wide the range of financial instruments that can be traded is. This is especially true for the commodity futures market.

We just need to remind you: the industry of providing services in the stock and futures markets in the United States and in a number of developed countries of the world operates so steadily and is so tightly controlled that many brokerage firms simply would not think of drawing up two copies of the contract. This may seem like a scam to some, but as one investment manager once popularly said, “It’s much harder to steal here than at the bank.” That is why a brokerage service agreement is a public offer agreement in the form of a unilateral agreement. It's similar to the deal you make when you buy a magazine: by handing over the money, you've essentially agreed to the terms of the other party. In the case of a broker, consent is expressed by the presence of your signature. So if you want to have a contract in your desk drawer, be sure to make a copy before sending a copy to the brokerage firm. If the matter concerns an American or British company, this is even more necessary.

When the choice is made, there is nothing left to do but rush into the abyss of the stock market. True, the most meticulous and cautious investors will not rush, but will work on drawing up rules for portfolio management. In any case, “fundamentalists” (those who adhere to fundamental analysis) devote a lot of time to this. Ardent supporters of technical analysis are engaged in the design and testing of trading systems. In opposite positions are those who worship the science of money management. They tend to view everything through the prism of probabilistic processes and statistical series, or operate with mathematical formulas that allow them to calculate all the necessary parameters for risk and profitability. Be that as it may, in reality, no type of trading approach can guarantee 100 percent success. The market simply does not tolerate certainty; it immediately rejects any certainty. Watching a bullfight will help you understand this. How will a bull behave in the arena when a red rag is waved in front of its very nose?

You should never forget that everything in this world changes. What seemed worthy of respect to you yesterday may no longer be taken seriously the next day. Then you will definitely reconsider your views on the market, perhaps even change the rhythm of trading. This is why investors and traders constantly “wander” from one broker to another. It is for this reason that the answer to the question of whom to trade through should not be treated as an unshakable and unchangeable ultimate truth. Remember: everything in the world changes, and so does the market! Therefore, we must change with it if we want to trade successfully!

• • What types of exchanges are there?
  • Stock market strategies
• • How does a trader work?
• 5. Conclusion

How to play on the stock exchange? Where to start? What does a newbie trader need to know? Who is a trader and what does his success in trading depend on? How realistic or dangerous is it to trade on the foreign exchange market? If these questions concern you, then after reading this article you will find answers to all these and other questions.

It is believed that Fortune smiles, first of all, on those who, having entered the stock exchange business, have gone through fire and water, experienced shocks and losses, and learned to make decisions with a minimum of information. How true is this statement? Let's try to understand the intricacies of the stock exchange business.

Dear reader, if you are interested in the topic of how to make money on Forex from scratch, what Forex is and how it works, be sure to read.

Forex trading for beginners

1. How to play on the stock exchange for beginners - is it easy?

For some, the stock exchange is like lotto: entertainment, fun, risk, and nothing more. And someone strives to the trading floor, like a bee, to collect its nectar. Some people place Napoleonic hopes on stock trading - to double their reserves and break into the world of prosperity. And for some, it’s enough to just earn a little extra money.

But, one way or another, everyone expects dividends from the stock exchange. However, getting them is not as easy as it seems from the outside. To move from zero, here, as in any business, you need special knowledge and skills.

What types of exchanges are there?

1. Commodity exchange

Commodity exchange – this is a place for the purchase and sale of various goods: precious metals (platinum, gold), agricultural crops (corn, beans, wheat), natural minerals and their derivatives (oil, gasoline), etc.

However, this does not mean that you need to buy several tons of grain and transport them to your barn. On a commodity exchange, you enter into a futures transaction that involves delivery at a future date. When purchasing a futures (concluding a transaction), you only need to pay the so-called collateral value. It is about 10-20% of the real price of the product.

You “promise” to invest the rest when the agreed delivery date arrives. After this, before this period expires, you enter into a reverse transaction: how much they bought - how much they sold . This is how you can make money on the commodity exchange without buying goods. The main advantage of this game is that it is sometimes easier to predict price movements for goods than for currency pairs or stocks.

2. Stock exchange (or securities market)

Here they trade shares, and real assets. This means that by purchasing securities of a company, you will become its shareholder and will be able to receive dividends on the purchased shares or sell them at a profit. In the Russian Federation, such transactions can be concluded, for example, on the RTS or MICEX Stock Exchange. Access to trading is obtained through brokers. They buy and sell shares on orders from traders and keep records of all operations and transactions. This is perhaps the easiest way for a beginner to make money on the stock exchange.

3. Futures exchange (or derivatives exchange)

On this site, futures contracts and options are purchased and sold. Playing on this exchange requires, just like on a commodity exchange, the payment of a guarantee. That is, you pay only a deposit amount (10-20% of the real price), having accepted the obligation to buy or sell in the future a certain number of shares for a certain price.

Subsequently, you repay this obligation with a counter contract. At the same time, you can conduct transactions with much larger contracts than on the stock exchange.

4. Forex currency exchange (Forex)

National currency is traded on this exchange. Purchase and sale are carried out at market prices, according to the exchange rate ratio prevailing on the stock exchange. By purchasing a currency pair at one price, you can later sell it for a higher price. This is the point of the game. Orders to sell or buy are placed via the Internet through trading terminals (less often by telephone). Market analytics, market news, and currency pair quotes are provided by brokers.

Stock market strategies

1. Investing

This is the most clear and simple way. You bought shares for a decent period (12 months, or even more) and are waiting for their value to increase. The main thing in this matter – entrust investments to a reliable company , belonging to the category of “blue chips” (as the most liquid companies are called). It is also necessary to analyze quotes over the past 4-5 years and identify the most promising ones.

The advantage of this strategy is your “insurance” against losses. If you made a mistake and the quotes of the shares you bought went down, you will not face a loss until you sell the securities. In case of a mistake, you just need to wait for the stock prices to rise, receiving dividends on them at this time. The only disadvantage of this method of playing is that you won’t be able to earn a lot - on average from 10 % before 30 % per annum.

2. Speculation

This strategy is the most popular. It promises significantly greater profits than all other types of trading. In this case, assets are acquired for a short term, often with the expectation of margin lending. Choosing tactics Intraday, you open and close trades throughout the day. Following the same tactics Day-Trading, you conduct a trade over several days or weeks.

When speculating, they also often play “ short ": in anticipation of a decline in quotes, traders are bearish. A short trade is implemented through the use of borrowed funds from the broker.

It looks like this: you borrow a hundred shares from a broker and immediately sell them all; three hours later, the price of securities began to decline - you buy a hundred shares, return them to the broker, and keep the profit for yourself.

Even easier, short transactions are carried out on the futures (terms) market. The scheme is simple: first you purchase a futures contract to sell, then you buy a futures contract to buy – and the profit is in your pocket.

Making money on Forex is similar to futures: first you sell a currency pair, then buy - the difference is yours. In this way you can earn a lot with insignificant capital. However, keep in mind: the risks in such trading are also considerable.

3. Arbitration

The essence of this trade is to find the difference between assets that are somehow related and enter into a contract that allows you to receive this difference. For example, you took stocks and futures on them. If the price of shares on the stock market has decreased, but the futures contract on the derivatives market still remains at the same level, you can purchase, say, a thousand shares at one hundred rubles and buy one futures contract to sell a thousand shares at 110 rubles. In this case, you are guaranteed a profit of 10 rubles per share, no matter where prices move.

Plus arbitration is the absence of risks. TO cons The complexity of such trading can be attributed to the complexity of such trading, which requires constant analysis of multiple markets, the search for price “scissors”, and the ability to conclude several counter contracts at lightning speed. In addition, arbitrage trading is characterized by average profitability. Even experienced arbitrageurs can count on average here 5 % - 10 % at 3-4 months.

Playing on the stock exchange - how and where to start?

First, a beginner needs to choose an exchange. Then find a broker to gain access to the game.

You need to find out the following points from your broker:

• the amount of commission fees for carrying out transactions, using a trading terminal, maintaining accounts, servicing a broker;
• the amount of information and services provided by the broker (analytical reviews, news, forecasts, quote archives, etc.);
• Is it possible to work online on this exchange, through what programs can you access the exchange online, their cost;
• method of replenishing your account and withdrawing money;
• guarantees of broker reliability.

It would be a good idea to familiarize yourself with several brokers who provide their services on the stock exchange. Then you will have a better chance of choosing the conditions that are most optimal for you. After signing the agreement and installing the program recommended by the broker on your PC, you can start trading.

Important! Just don’t rush to use real money in the game. Ask your broker to provide you with a training demo account: it’s better to go through a “baptism of fire” with virtual money. Learn from your own mistakes - this will save you from big risks in the future.

Playing on the stock exchange - how much can you earn?

This question worries many beginners, we will give as many average values ​​as possible.

Here are the approximate amounts that experienced players can earn on various trading platforms:

• Speculators earn 20-50% on the stock market (using margin lending, their profits can increase up to 100%);
• 50-200% of the derivatives market is owned by players trading options and futures;
• Arbitrageurs get 30-50%;
• 50-500% is purchased by game participants on the Forex currency exchange

How much can you lose on the stock market?

Any exchange presents great opportunities and great risks. Luck, especially in the foreign exchange market, is a rare guest. In order not to become a loser, you need to carefully think through the game on the stock exchange, plan your Forex trading strategy, create a demo account and test it on historical quotes, especially if you are new to this business. (How to attract luck and money into your life)

Many losers who leave their money on the stock exchange lose precisely because they “rushed into battle” without going through “training.” They overestimate their intuition and, without conducting a competent market analysis, make unforgivable mistakes and unfortunate miscalculations.

Don't follow their example: don't enter into a trade without prior preparation. Do not consider it a waste of time to study specialized literature, study journal publications, get acquainted with relevant websites and think through Forex strategies.

Believe me, the time spent on self-education will increase your chances of success and protect you from a sad fiasco.

Definition of the term "trader"

2. Who is a trader and what does he do - the definition and essence of the profession

Translated from English, trader- This is a merchant. This is what people who trade on the stock exchange are called. Through trading operations - buying assets at low prices and selling at high prices - traders make a profit.

The assets that traders can buy and sell include:

• goods in demand on the world market (oil, metal, grain);
• precious metals;
• stock;
• contracts (futures and options);
• currency;
• cryptocurrencies;
• stock indices.

Here we have listed all the main financial instruments, thanks to which traders have the opportunity to earn money by playing on the stock exchange.

How does a trader work?

The working platform of any trader is an exchange or over-the-counter market. It should be noted that since the emergence of the trading profession, its essence has changed little. Only previously, the trader was personally present at the exchange and made transactions himself, but now he gives orders to brokers online, while remaining in the office or at home.

Communication between them is carried out via a trading terminal - a special program that can be downloaded and installed from the broker’s website. Receiving information from the broker, the trader analyzes fluctuations in the price of his assets, makes forecasts of possible fluctuations and opens transactions based on these forecasts.

At the same time, he uses various tools from his analytical arsenal.

It includes three main types of analysis:

• fundamental;
• technical;
• computer.

The trader regulates his activities himself. He can make one deal and earn a decent amount of money, which will last for a couple of months. If you wish, you can enter into several transactions every day. You can also use trading robots, using them to carry out automatic trading. True, manual work, as practice shows, is much more effective.

Despite the fact that the trader’s personal presence at the workplace is not necessary, one cannot dare to call his income passive. After all, the main factors of success are his work, the trader’s time and thinking through the Forex strategy. A broker is just a captain on a voyage whose course is charted by a trader.

A trader can work for himself or for various companies. Each of these forms of activity has its own advantages and disadvantages.

1. Working for yourself

In this case, the trader chooses his own broker, opens his own account with him, transfers personal money to him and manages it as he sees fit.

pros (+ ):

• all earnings go to the trader;
• the trader plans his own working day, makes his own decisions and works at the rhythm that is convenient for him.

Minuses (- ):

• you have to risk your own funds;
• the size of the personal amount can be very limited, and the amount of profit is directly proportional to the amount of investment.

2. Working for a company

This type of work requires formal employment. We are talking about joining the staff of a company - an investment fund, a bank, a brokerage company, a reputable corporation.

pros (+ ):

• since operations on the market take place on behalf of this company, its rather large funds are used;
• the trader is assigned a certain percentage of profit from the transactions he conducts, and it is possible to establish a quite decent salary;
• The risk of losing personal money is eliminated.

Minuses (- ):

• It’s not so easy to get a job in a decent company without achievements in independent trading;
• limited freedom of action.

An alternative version of this form of work is the managerial activity of a trader, who manages the money of other investors and trades it to them, receiving an agreed percentage of the profit.

The main difficulty is to achieve such work: you will need to provide investors with convincing evidence of your reliability, profitable Forex strategies, the ability to increase capital, and not “melt” it in an instant, etc.

Qualities required to work as a trader

The profession of a trader in the modern world is one of the most profitable, promising and attractive. In developed Western countries, such specialists are trained in institutes. In Russia, this profession can only be obtained through self-education or attending relevant courses conducted by dealing centers.

It is important to understand that the main factor for success in working as a trader is not theoretical knowledge or a unique methodology, but personal participation and the development of the right Forex strategy.

To gain practical experience without risking your savings, you can use a demo account by creating it at any brokerage company.

A demo account will convince a young specialist that to work with real amounts it is not necessary to use without iron self-discipline and self-control, developed analytical thinking, drawing up a Forex strategy, attention, organization, composure, efficiency, impartiality and a certain amount of courage.

How much can a trader earn?

As already mentioned, a trader’s earnings directly depend on the amount of capital used.

If you have, say, 100 thousand dollars, then this money will help you earn 100 times more than if you owned only one thousand dollars.

In other words, it is more correct to measure a trader’s income not in amounts, but as a percentage of the starting capital.

If we talk about the average profit of a trader, then when working for himself, he can receive approximately 5 % before 10 % per month from the amount available in the account. He can count on such profits with a low level of risk. Managing another investor's capital can bring in 20-50% of revenue.

Read below on how to trade Forex

3. How to play on the Forex exchange (Forex) - the basics of successful trading

Forex trading, which is considered the most reliable and profitable market in the world, cannot but attract a huge number of traders from all corners of the globe. First of all, stock exchange traders who decide to diversify (or adjust) the contents of their investment basket flock to this trading platform. Novice traders who are just learning the basics of the stock exchange business are not far behind them.

Trading on the Forex exchange is no different from working on many other markets. The rules here are the same as on a narrow-profile derivatives exchange or a classic trading or stock exchange.

How to trade on the Forex market, where to start?

The path to making money on the Forex market, as on any other exchange, lies through creating a trading account, downloading any trading platform to a personal computer, and authorizing the account in the terminal.

Currently, the market for these services allows you to open an account with Forex capital starting from 10 US dollars. This is enough to open a deal to sell or buy currency. In addition to Forex trading, you can access the metals markets in the same way ( platinum, silver, gold), CFD.

By operating on the world's most liquid market with a deposit amount convenient for you, you will not just multiply your capital. You will gain invaluable experience , think over Forex strategies that will be useful to you in the future in order to successfully trade on any other exchange market. In addition, the acquired capital can be reinvested on other trading platforms, which will reduce the cost of entering into trading relations on them.

The interbank foreign exchange market Forex does not have a fixed territorial location. You can carry out any type of trading operations around the clock in real time.

So, anyone who decides to master the profession of a trader on the Forex exchange must first acquire only a PC with access to the Internet.

International currency exchange Forex

At first, you need to find a suitable broker or dealing center. The professional qualities of this assistant (who can easily be considered your partner), the efficiency of his work, and his responsibility will determine your financial success or failure.

Meta Trader 5 and Meta Trader 4– the most popular versions of free trading terminals.

As soon as you learn how to use the program - a trading platform from a brokerage company, you just need to select the currency pair with which you will trade

Real or demo account - what to trade on?

You should not start online trading by opening a real account. It is very dangerous. You can lose everything at once. To protect you from financial risks you need open a demo account on Forex . This simulator is completely similar to a real account. The only difference is that you will practice with virtual funds, and not real capital.

It is advisable for all newcomers to trading not to tempt fate, but to learn how to manage their own money without the risk of being left penniless by creating a demo account. At the same time, a beginner using a demo account should know that he can earn real money if he takes part in trading competitions.

Using a demo account, you can easily practice using so-called “robot experts” or “robot advisors” - automatic trading systems. Today, users have access to a fairly large selection of such programs, both paid and free.

Demo account– this is the most win-win way to start an exchange business in the Forex market. Of course, it’s up to you to decide whether to create one or immediately register a real trading account and transfer real money to it to start trading.

However, this path can only be recommended to someone who has at least 99% confident in their abilities, has acquired a lot of knowledge, has many skills, has already carefully developed a trading strategy and has experience working on a real account on the Forex currency market.

Forex Strategies

Which trading strategy should you choose?

In all Forex transactions - be it a sale or a purchase - the national currency is used as a commodity.

The main task of a trader on the stock exchange – buy currency at the minimum price and sell it as profitably as possible. To do this, you need to think through Forex strategies. The discrepancy between the cost of the product and the purchase price is the trader’s profit.

This is a trading combination in which the number of contracts purchased is greater than the number of contracts sold, called in the language of traders “ long position" Exchange participants are forced to make such options by the hope that the currency will rise in price in the future and sell them at a higher income.

The so-called “ short position" It assumes that the volume of sales of a product exceeds the volume of purchases. In this case, the purchase of currency occurs with the expectation that its value will fall. Such sales also provide income from the price difference.

Both combinations can be done on Forex. Therefore, the main factor for success on this exchange is the correctly chosen lines of behavior - Forex trading strategies .

Many successful traders, using various third-party strategies, create and develop their own profitable Forex strategy in accordance with their experience and acquired knowledge

Many existing Forex trading strategies are used on the stock exchange, including the Forex currency market.

The most popular and best trading strategies are based on:

• combinations of indicators;
• Bollinger Bands;
• moving averages;
• by patterns and graphic models;
• Fibonacci levels;
• Ichimoku indicators;
• Japanese candles;
• trend trading;
• flat trading;
• short-term trading (“scalping”);
• fundamental analysis (news, events, etc.)

In order to accurately plan and create a Forex trading strategy, you need to carefully study the trends and features of the foreign exchange market. This, in turn, requires an in-depth analysis of the trading situation, practical skills that are tested on training accounts.

A beginner will also benefit greatly from studying the professional experience of experienced traders. Brilliant calculation and practice are the main assistants of a Forex trader!

4. Having earned money on the stock exchange, increase your capital

One of the main mistakes of both beginners and experienced traders is that the money earned on exchanges is quickly spent. Of course, this is completely unreasonable, which is why truly successful traders usually use their earned capital not only back into circulation, but also into their own business.

Having your own business, you don’t have to worry about the future of exchanges and stock market performance; a real reliable business will be a big plus for you. If you don’t know where to invest your money, then we advise you to choose the real estate market. It is the most stable, reliable and easy to understand. Watch a free video course from specialist Anton Murygin about making money in real estate from scratch:

Watch a motivating video about how you can profitably invest in a real estate business:

5. Conclusion

Parting words for beginners

Impassive statistics state: 9 out of 10 new traders “they drain” the deposit and leave Forex with nothing. It’s amazing that in a market where the level of profit is simply off the charts, there is such a percentage of “losers”!

Experts came to the conclusion: The reason for the widespread failure is the inflated ambitions of the modern young man, combined with extreme infantilism. He finds it very boring to pore over textbooks, develop a unique strategy, master the basics of market analysis, open a practice demo account, keep a trading diary, make forecasts, calculate trading risks (how dangerous it is to trade with a particular strategy, etc.).

Another thing is to believe in your luck and trade at random, so to speak, playfully. Such a lightweight approach, when one rushes headlong into the abyss of the stock exchange - without any preparation, without decent starting capital, without knowing how to control oneself - leads to a quick and disappointing ending.

Therefore, instead of parting words, we will end the article with useful tips for beginners.

Tip #1. Practice first, play later

Tip #2. If you want decent profits, accumulate decent capital

Tip #3. Learn to control yourself

Tip #4. Accept the possibility of loss as inevitable

Tip #5. Beware of greed and haste.

Let these tips become your guiding star and amulet. Let them lead you not only to real trading, but also to real success in trading on the foreign exchange market.

If you are a beginner and are just taking your first steps in stock trading and don’t know how to learn to trade on the stock exchange, You should read this article, it will help you learn the basics that will be so necessary for your work. Experienced traders already know that You can’t trade stocks “flounder or flounder”, Your actions must be clearly justified and controlled. Let's take a closer look at how to start trading on the stock exchange.

Where to start trading on the stock exchange?

1. The most important thing that stands before you now is choosing a broker. This is a long and important selection process, on which your entire future career depends. When choosing a broker, there are also certain rules, but these are...
2. Remember, each system has its own minimum amount of money to start trading. Keep track of the amount of money in your account.
3. Always monitor real-time quotes and price changes.
4. One of the important points in the topic “How to start trading on the stock exchange”, is the ability to read stock price tables, this will help you determine your priorities.
5. Look for the optimal moment to make a deal. It's not always that simple, you need to be attentive to all the little things.
6. To become a professional trader, you need to constantly study new information about the market, constantly analyze your work and your strategy.
7. Create your own clearly developed trading strategy and try to always stick to it.
8. Control your emotions, when you have a certain experience, it will be easier for you to cope with it, but now, at the initial stage, you need to remember this all the time and control your condition.

Conclusion

Now you have useful information about how to learn to trade on the stock exchange if you are serious about this business, and are determined to win, you will go through the initial stage of how to start trading on the stock exchange very easily and without any problems or difficulties.

In most cases, an ordinary computer with the Internet, a passport to open an account and, of course, start-up capital that you are willing to risk are enough

The Moscow Exchange has little in common with those foreign platforms that we are used to seeing in films and television news. Here you will not find a crowd of shouting traders or huge boards with quotes. Even the “red room with a clock,” which is usually shown in stories about the Russian stock market, has a very indirect connection to trading: it is staffed by technical staff of the exchange.

The heart of the site is a spacious room in which there are almost no visitors. It has powerful computer equipment capable of processing tens of thousands of transactions per minute. It is here that electronic applications for the purchase and sale of securities flow from investors located in different parts of the world. In the main trading mode, transactions are concluded automatically when the prices of buyers and sellers specified in orders match. As a result of trading, securities are transferred to the accounts of buyers, and sellers receive money. This method of stock trading is called Internet trading.

A broker is any Russian bank or company with a license issued by the Federal Service for Financial Markets (FSFM). It is through a broker that you can connect to electronic exchange trading. A list of the largest brokers working with individuals can be found on the Moscow Exchange website. But it does not include medium and small brokerage companies and banks. You can also search for a broker in your region on the developer page of one of the popular online trading programs. Read below for recommendations on choosing a broker.

Step 2: Try your hand at a demo account

You will have to download a demo version of the program for online trading from the broker’s website. As a rule, the file distribution is located in the “Software” section. The most common programs in Russia are Quik, TRANSAQ and Netinvestor. In addition, many brokers offer their own trading terminals. For example, SmartTrade from IT Invest, or Alfa-Direct from Alfa Bank. There are no fundamental differences between them, but “general market” products have an advantage: if you decide to switch to another broker, you will not have to install unfamiliar software and you can continue to use the familiar one.

After installing the trading terminal, understand the interface settings so as not to waste time on this in the future:

• build charts of those securities and indices that you plan to monitor, and delete all unnecessary ones;
• create tables with information about these securities that will be constantly updated
• place the news feed in a convenient area of ​​the screen;
• Don't forget to save the configuration so that the appearance you create will be loaded automatically in the future.

There shouldn’t be any particular difficulties with the settings, and if they do, a call to the support service will help (at this stage, brokers are always willing to communicate with potential clients). A list of frequently asked questions can be found on the website of your broker or trading software developer, such as Quik. The demo mode of the trading terminal differs from the real one only in that virtual money is spent - there is no risk. You will see stock quotes, view the news feed, and be able to trade with leverage.

Nuances

• You can conclude stock transactions without the help of a computer by calling a broker or coming to the office. However, an additional commission is usually charged for processing such orders - 30-150 rubles for each order;
• Many brokers, in addition to the regular trading program, also offer a lightweight version of it, which does not require installation on a computer and runs in an Internet browser window. In terms of functionality, it is slightly inferior to the standard version, but it looks simpler. In addition, it can be used even on someone else’s PC, without installing a full-fledged trading terminal. The main thing is not to forget about the safety rules in online trading.

Step 3: open a real account

At the broker's office you will need to sign a set of documents by presenting your passport. Additionally, a certificate of TIN assignment may be required (the exact list of documents depends on the broker). The account will be opened on the same day. You will also receive a password to access your personal account.

To open an account remotely, you need to leave a request on the website or by phone. The broker will send a set of documents filled out in your name, which you need to print and sign, having the signatures notarized. And then send them by mail or courier service along with copies of the passport pages. As soon as the broker receives them (delivery time depends on your region), an account will be opened for you. Second copies of the documents, certified by signature and seal, will be sent back to you. Some brokers cover the shipping costs (for example, KIT Finance).

To trade on a real account, you will need to generate electronic keys for the trading terminal. To do this, a special program is used, which can be downloaded on the broker’s website in the “Software” section. Fill in your data and you will receive two files as output. One of them is the public key, and the other is the secret key. The first one must be registered with the broker (either on the website in your personal account, or by sending the key by mail). In the settings of the trading terminal, you will need to indicate in which folder the keys are located (in the Quik program this is done in the Settings/General menu, in the Program/General/Default Settings tab).

Nuances

• Some brokers, in particular Finam, allow you to open an account remotely in an accelerated manner. To do this, you need to fill out an application on the website and attach the necessary documents (passport and TIN).
• brokers offer to join the standard terms of customer service. But if you wish, you can offer to change these conditions if you are not satisfied with something in them. For example, the standard text of the agreement often contains a clause that you authorize the broker to borrow securities from you at a purely symbolic interest (under loan agreements). You can try to refuse this point to avoid unnecessary risks. The larger the client, the more willingly the brokers are willing to accommodate;
• According to the standard agreement, many brokers can use clients' free money for their own benefit. It is possible not to give such permission. True, then you will have to agree to an increase in the cost of service.

Step 4: deposit start-up capital

You can start real exchange trading as soon as the funds arrive in your account. When depositing through a cash register - during the day, in the case of a bank transfer - usually on the next business day. Remember that no one can guarantee you a return on investment in securities or even a return on investment. Therefore, the amount contributed should be such that its loss will not greatly damage the budget if the stars align unsuccessfully. For most brokers, the minimum amount to start trading is 10,000 - 30,000 rubles. Of course, this is not enough to form a full-fledged diversified portfolio (you need at least 50,000 - 70,000 rubles), but it is quite suitable for the first experiments.

Who can a broker refuse?

This can only happen if you do not provide all the documents or their authenticity raises doubts among the broker. Foreign citizens and stateless persons must, in addition to their passport, present a migration card and a document confirming the right to stay in Russia (if you open an account remotely while abroad, this is not required). Individual entrepreneurs are required to have a certificate of registration as an individual entrepreneur and an extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs. If a brokerage account is opened for a minor, then in order to manage his funds you will need to obtain in advance the written consent of the guardianship and trusteeship authorities to carry out transactions with the property of the minor.

The Internet trading service differs little from one broker to another, especially from the point of view of a beginner. Therefore, you can contact anyone. Just keep a few important details in mind.

1. The Russian stock market has nothing to do with Forex and CFDs (contracts for differences in stock prices). If you are persistently told to “invest” in CFDs or currencies instead of securities, it is better to look for another broker. And at the same time, check whether he has a brokerage license and whether he is really a trading participant on the Moscow Exchange.

2. Consider how important it is for you to take an in-person class on stock market fundamentals. Or it will be enough to read materials on the Internet. In the first case, the choice is narrowed to those companies and banks that operate in your region. Although those interested, of course, can go to a free seminar with one broker, and then start trading through any other, opening an account remotely.

3. Be sure to compare rates. And don’t be confused by the fact that commissions on transactions amount to hundredths of a percent. In relative terms, the numbers seem ridiculous, but in absolute terms they can add up to decent amounts. In addition, rates from different brokers differ significantly. Don’t be lazy to call the companies and banks that interest you and ask them to tell you about all the costs that arise when opening an account and conducting transactions. Do not rely solely on the information on the broker's website: unfortunately, it is not always comprehensive.

4. Consider the general impression that you will get after your first acquaintance with the company or bank. Pay attention to whether the broker is focused on serving retail clients: is the information on the website accessible, is there a section for beginners. In addition, it would be a good idea to search the Internet for reviews from investors who are already working with this broker.

As a rule, brokers offer several tariff plans to choose from. Which one is best for you depends on your securities trading strategy. Here are four simple rules.

1. For investors conducting one or two transactions per month, the main cost item is the monthly fee for maintaining a brokerage account or securities account (that is, in essence, for storing securities). Accordingly, you need to select a tariff at which these fixed payments are minimal or absent.

2. With more active trading, commission rates on transactions come to the fore, so you need to focus on them.

3. If you plan to buy small packages of securities (worth up to 30,000 -40,000 rubles each), then tariffs that do not provide for a minimum transaction fee are suitable for you. Otherwise, it may turn out that the real size of the brokerage commission for you will significantly exceed its average market level of 0.03-0.1%.

4. And for the future: it is most profitable for active traders to use conditionally unlimited tariffs (when the size of the commission is limited from above and is about 25,000 - 35,000 rubles per month). Often such tariffs are not included in the standard line, but brokers can set them individually.

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Robots that make money

"Financial Izvestia" continues to write the alphabet of a young investor. Today we will talk about programs that help you make money on the stock exchange. This is now the most fashionable topic on Russian trading platforms. Are robots ready to replace traders? Robots appeared on world exchanges simultaneously with the beginning of electronic trading. That is, with the advent of the Internet. Of course, some traders still “sit in the hole” - buying and selling commodity contracts, standing around a shallow recess in the trading floor, where they throw forms with completed transactions. But this already looks more like a tribute to tradition.

Trading on the stock exchange seems to be something complicated and incomprehensible to a person who has never encountered it. How can a beginner start trading on the stock exchange, and even more so, how to make money on it? Let's understand the basics of trading on the stock exchange.

There are 3 types of exchanges: commodity, currency and stock exchanges. In this article we will only look at the stock exchange. Bonds, options, futures, bills, debentures and stocks are traded on stock exchanges. Of the entire list of securities, we will be interested only in shares. Trading shares on the stock exchange is the easiest and most accessible way for a novice investor to start trading on the stock exchange.

Participants in exchange trading are divided into 2 types: traders and investors.

• Traders are active players on the exchange. They follow the news and can close and open positions in stocks several times a day. Using borrowed funds for trading is not uncommon for traders.
• Investors prefer to invest in stocks for a long term (from several months to several years). This is where a newbie on the stock exchange should start. If for a trader trading on the stock exchange is a full-time job, then for a private investor it is an opportunity to test their strength and intuition. It is the actions of a novice private investor that we will consider in the context of trading on the stock exchange.

An exchange investor is not directly involved in the purchase and sale of shares. This is done for him by a professional market participant - a broker. The investor only gives instructions to the broker to perform this or that action on the stock exchange. That is, a broker is a person who works in an investment or brokerage company whose specialization is intermediary services when trading on the stock exchange. To pay for their mediation, brokerage companies charge traders and investors some commissions and payments, which will be discussed below.

The general list of actions when trading on the stock exchange is as follows:

• The investor enters into an agreement with a brokerage company and transfers money from his bank account to a special brokerage account, which is provided to him by the brokerage company and from which trading will be carried out.
• If a client wants to buy shares, he gives the appropriate instruction to the broker. When the broker executes an order to purchase shares, funds for this purchase, as well as commissions and payments, are debited from the investor's brokerage account.
• If the client wants to sell shares, then he also gives the corresponding instruction to the broker. When the broker executes an order to sell shares, the investor’s brokerage account receives funds from this sale minus commissions and payments.
• An investor can transfer his funds from a brokerage account to a bank account and vice versa.

We see that a bank account and a brokerage account are involved in this money circulation scheme. A brokerage account is opened for you by a brokerage company. Transferring money from a bank account to a brokerage account and back typically incurs a fee. But it can be avoided. Large brokerage companies usually have subsidiary banks. By opening a current account with such a bank, you can avoid commissions when transferring between a brokerage and bank account.

Direct purchase/sale of shares

We found out that the investor does not directly engage in trading on the stock exchange, but gives instructions to the broker. How can an investor give instructions to a broker?

There are 3 ways to do this:

1. Orders through the trading terminal;
2. Orders via the web interface;
3. Voice order.

Trading terminal is a special program that is installed on a computer and with which you can monitor quotes, conduct technical analysis and give instructions. For a novice investor, trading terminals are complicated due to the abundance of information and interface congestion.

A monthly fee will be charged to your brokerage account for access to the trading terminal. For trading, as in the following case, you need constant access to a computer and the Internet.

Orders via the web interface

In general, trading through a web interface is similar to trading through an exchange terminal, but does not require the installation of any programs; it is much simpler and more convenient in the initial stages.

In this case, instructions to the broker are given over the phone in a normal conversation. Large brokerage and investment companies, as a rule, have toll-free phone numbers with the 8-800 prefix for these purposes.


Access to the broker is regulated. You can’t just call on the phone and say “Buy Gazprom.” To ensure that your shares and money cannot be managed by just anyone, the broker must identify you. When concluding a brokerage service agreement, the client receives a list of passwords, from which the broker will randomly select a voice password to authenticate you as a client. You will need to introduce yourself, give the brokerage agreement number and say the voice password, which the broker will ask you to identify. After completing this procedure, you will need to inform the broker about the nature of the transaction (purchase or sale), the name of the issuer (which shares this needs to be done with) and the number of shares. To eliminate errors, the broker repeats all this information and, after your confirmation, executes the order. To avoid controversial situations, conversations with brokers are recorded. There is no fee for trading “per voice”.

Types of transactions in the stock market

There are long and short positions in stock trading.

• Long position is opened in the expectation that the purchased shares will rise. Investors who trade in a rising market are called bulls.
• Short position opens with the expectation that stocks will fall. The shares are borrowed from the broker, sold at a high price, and when their value declines, they are bought at a low price and returned to the broker. Investors who trade in a falling market are called bears.

A long position is opened by buying and closed by selling shares. A short position, on the contrary, is opened by selling shares borrowed from a broker and closed by buying.

Selling and buying shares at the current market price is called market order. But there are other, much more cunning types of orders on the exchange:

• Limited order means that the investor instructs the broker to buy shares at a price set by the investor below the current one or to sell shares at a price set by the investor above the current one. That is, if an investor is not satisfied with the current purchase/sale price of shares, then he sets the price at which he is ready to buy or sell shares. In this case, the order will be executed only when the set price is reached by the shares. Limited orders on the Moscow Exchange can be submitted both during main trading and during the “pre-market” 15 minutes before the start.
• “Stop” order designed to insure investors and speculators against large losses. For example, if you bought shares in the hope of their growth, but they go negative, a “stop” order will allow you to get rid of these shares automatically if there is a slight minus.
• “Stop”-limit order combines a limit and a stop order. That is, a price is indicated above the current one for buying shares and below the current one for selling them with an open “long” position. For the “short” one, the opposite is true.

The lifetime of orders on the exchange is one trading day. If the application is not executed during the day, it will not be transferred to the next day. You can also withdraw an order if it has not yet been executed by the broker.

Trading time and currency

On the Moscow Exchange, trading in shares begins at 10:00 and ends at 18:40. This is the so-called main trading mode. There are also pre-trading (from 9:45 to 10:00) and post-trading (from 18:40 to 18:50) periods during which you can send limited orders to the exchange. Trading is not conducted on weekends and holidays. The trading currency is Russian ruble.

How and where to monitor stock prices?

Obviously, in order to understand what actions need to be taken to buy and sell shares, you need to know their current price. Russian shares are traded on the Moscow Exchange and their quotes are also presented there. However, price changes are displayed there with a delay of 15 minutes. For long-term investors, this is a completely acceptable delay, but for speculators or traders who make several purchase/sale transactions per day, such a delay is critical. In such cases, special access to the exchange is purchased through a trading terminal.

Mandatory commissions and payments

Few people in our world work for free, and brokerage companies are no exception.

• Brokers charge a commission for executing investor orders. As a rule, this is a percentage of turnover, that is, the amount of purchase or sale of shares. For example, in the companies BCS and Finam, at initial rates the commission is 0.0354% of turnover. It is clear that the higher the turnover, the lower the commission percentage.
• In addition, as mentioned above, for access to online quotes through trading terminals you will need to pay for access to the Moscow Exchange.
• There may also be a fee for maintaining a custodial account (the account that holds records of your shares).
• Depending on the bank, there may be a fee for depositing or withdrawing funds from a brokerage account.

Where are the shares stored?

Usually in our time, shares are not physically printed and are not stored anywhere. The brokerage company has its own securities accounting center, the so-called depository. When concluding a service agreement with a brokerage company, the client receives his depository in this brokerage company (depository account). This deposit account stores all records of the availability and movement of your shares. Also, these records are duplicated by the issuer (the company whose shares you bought).

Dividends

If you are the lucky owner, then dividends will be paid to your brokerage account. They are calculated from the amount per share. In order to receive them, it is enough to be in the register of shareholders at the time of its closure.

Taxes

• The tax rate on income from the sale of shares in Russia is 13%. In this case, the tax amount is calculated from the tax base. The tax base in this case will be the amount of income received from the sale of shares and expenses incurred for their purchase, storage and other commissions. That is, tax must be paid only on the net profit received from the sale of shares. If there was no profit, no tax is paid.
• The tax rate on dividend income is 9%. In this case, the amount of dividends received is taxed.

Your brokerage company will act as your tax agent, so you do not need to file any returns. All taxes due by law on your income, if any, will have to be paid by your brokerage company.

Withdrawal of funds

You cannot withdraw funds directly from your brokerage account. In order to receive money in your hands, you must first transfer money from a brokerage account to a bank account, and then pick it up at the cash desk.

Choosing a brokerage company

What should you pay attention to when choosing a brokerage company?

1. Experience. The longer a company operates on the market, the better;
2. Having your own bank;
3. Presence in your region;
4. Service tariffs;
5. Reliability rating;
6. Reviews.

The most famous brokerage companies in Russia at the moment are:

• "Opening"
• "Finam"
• "BCS"
• "ATON"
• "KIT-Finance"
• "Sberbank CIB"
• "VTB 24 online broker"
• "Uralsib"

Many of them trade shares not only on the Moscow, but also on the London and New York stock exchanges.