According to him, it is extremely rare to die from pancreatic cancer, which the billionaire had. "Jobs would have lived for many more years, and only his choice of treatment led to an unreasonably early death," the expert said.

At the same time, the doctor laments that Jobs did not switch to conventional methods of treatment even when there were clear signs of deterioration in his condition. This year, photos and videos of Jobs shocked the public: in them, the emaciated head of Apple cannot move without assistance.

"It seems that even during this phase, Mr. Job wanted to give all his time to Apple. The disease progressed, but he still rejected chemotherapy and other traditional cancer treatments," says Amri.

Jobs became aware of his illness in 2003, and nine months later, in the hope of avoiding surgery, he decided to try alternative medicine. But the special diets that were supposed to rid him of the disease did not give results, and in July 2004, the head of Apple removed part of the stomach, duodenum, pancreas, gallbladder and bile ducts.

Dr. Amri believes that this procedure would not have been necessary if the head of Apple had turned to professional doctors for traditional treatment from the very beginning.

At the same time, he says that the billionaire could be returned to normal life even after the operation. "Among my patients, the survival rate for this type of cancer is 100%," said Amri.

However, Jobs never resorted to the usual methods of treatment, and five years later he had to undergo a liver transplant. This operation has many side effects. Immunosuppressants are used to engraft a donor organ, and a decrease in immunity increases the likelihood of new metastases.

In August this year, Steve Jobs, after a long vacation due to illness, was forced to head Apple. And October 5, 2011.

"I devoted a year and a half to studying the illness of Steve Jobs, and I have a strong opinion about this. I will say, not only as a fan of his work, but also as a doctor, that the treatment of the head of Apple was far from optimal," the professor said, adding In the end, I didn't mean to offend anyone with my comments.

Jobs' funeral took place on October 7th. According to some reports, they were held according to a Buddhist rite. As The Wall Street Journal reported citing an informed source, farewell to the legend of the computer industry was modest, it was attended by only a few people. The venue for the ceremony was not named.

“Apple has lost a creative genius and the world has lost a wonderful person. Those of us who were lucky enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and inspirational mentor. Steve left behind a company that only he could create, and his spirit will forever be a mainstay for Apple," the official statement on the company's website said.

When Apple leader Steve Jobs died, no cause of death was given by the company. The situation was clarified by the publication of an official document confirming the death of an outstanding entrepreneur. The certificate listed the place where Steve Jobs died, the date of death, and the cause. According to the document, he died at his home in Palo Alto (California) from respiratory arrest caused by a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas, 10/05/2011 at 3 pm. The cause of death of Apple CEO Steve Jobs was a rare disease, and its name only hints at the enormous complexity of the disease, to which he finally surrendered at the age of 56. The American entrepreneur joined Nobel laureate Ralph Steinman, actor Patrick Swayze and Gene Upshaw as the latest celebrity to die from this aggressive disease that even he, with his vast fortune, and Steinman, with the experimental immunological treatments available to him, could not resist.

Unfavorable prognosis

Most cases of malignant neoplasms of the pancreas (53%) are diagnosed after they have spread, and the survival rate is extremely low - only 1.8% of patients live more than 5 years after confirmation of the diagnosis. For all types of cancer, this figure is only slightly higher - only 3.3%. So how did Jobs, who was diagnosed with the disease in the fall of 2003 and publicly announced in 2004, survive for 8 years?

Steve Jobs: biography

The personal life of the American entrepreneur is marked by a long and stubborn struggle with this disease. In 2004, he underwent an operation to remove the neoplasm. In 2009, an Apple executive traveled to Switzerland to receive radiation hormone treatment not available in the US and underwent a liver transplant that same year. In January 2011, he took a final leave of absence before stepping down as CEO in August and passing away in October.

Two types of disease

The illness and cause of death of Steve Jobs was a rare form of tumor known as neuroendocrine cancer, which grows more slowly and is easier to treat. Surviving for years or even decades with this disease is not surprising. A neuroendocrine tumor differs significantly from a common form of pancreatic cancer, since the life expectancy of a patient is measured in years, not months. Unlike Steve Jobs, Steinman's cause of death was a disease that usually ends in death within a year of confirmation of the diagnosis. Given the extremely unfavorable prognosis for both of these forms, scientists are working hard to develop better treatments and diagnostics, and also trying to figure out why one patient can live for 8 years and another for 8 months.

Steve Jobs: cause of death

Pancreatic cancer is not a very common disease. In the United States, about 44,000 new cases are diagnosed each year, and the risk of contracting them is at the level of 1.4%. The vast majority of diseases (about 95%) are adenocarcinomas, similar to the one that Steinman had, but which Steve Jobs did not have. The cause of death of the latter, known as neuroendocrine cancer, accounts for a small proportion of patients with pancreatic malignancies. The gland itself consists essentially of two distinct organs. This means the presence of 2 different types of tissue and, accordingly, 2 very different types of neoplasms. The most common of these, adenocarcinoma, affects the exocrine portion. It occupies the main volume of the pancreas and produces digestive enzymes that are excreted into the gastrointestinal tract through special channels. Scattered throughout this organ are thousands of tiny islands of endocrine tissues that produce hormones that are released into the blood. Cancer of these islet cells caused the death of Steve Jobs.

Difficulties in diagnosis

Pancreatic cancers are so deadly in large part because they are often diagnosed at a very late stage. Unlike colon or lung cancer, it does not have many early symptoms. Doctors even find it difficult to list its manifestations, which include pain in the upper abdomen, weight loss, loss of appetite, and the presence of blood clots, because these are common complaints that almost anyone can suspect of pancreatic cancer. Most cases are discovered after some symptoms persist or more serious signs, such as jaundice, appear.

New diagnostic methods

Some groups of researchers are looking for the best way to screen for pancreatic malignancies in order to detect them early. Significant efforts are being made to achieve this, including by Neogenix Oncology, which is developing the diagnosis and treatment of two types of pancreatic cancer. Employees of the company found several genetic markers that are present in this disease, but not in normal tissues. The goal of the research is to develop something similar to a test for prostate cancer.

Non-invasive screening

There is evidence that what Steve Jobs died from is not a disease that, as it might seem, begins suddenly. According to a study published in October 2016, after studying the accumulation of genetic mutations in pancreatic neoplasms, researchers concluded that it takes an average of 7 years for the main tumor to form and 10 years for it to spread to neighboring organs. Armed with this knowledge, as well as other findings from research into precancerous lesions, scientists are hopeful that a non-invasive screening method will eventually be developed.

The Problem of Misdiagnosis

Widespread screening for more common cancers such as colon, prostate, and breast cancer has recently come under fire because it has led to too many false diagnoses and subsequent treatments. For even rarer diseases, the situation is even more complex, requiring an extremely low false test rate. Pancreatic cancer is a terrible disease, but, fortunately, rare.

Surgical method

In early stage pancreatic cancer, doctors usually try to remove it surgically. However, the likelihood of him returning in a year or two is still relatively high. The operation itself is risky. The pancreas is located deep in the abdominal cavity, surrounded by and connected to other major organs. This operation, known as the Whipple procedure, is considered an element of aerobatics in surgery.

Non-invasive methods

If the cancer has already spread, as was the case with Steinman, then the most common approach is chemotherapy, which is not very effective for normal pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine (Gemzar), which Steinman received among other things, is mainly used. During trials, the drug did not improve in some patients, but in some it extended life by several years, indicating a significant molecular difference in tumors.

New treatments

Despite the initial positive effects of chemotherapy, even as Steinman got better, he felt like he was living with the sword of Damocles around his neck—he didn't know when the symptoms would return. So he turned to the area he knew - immunology. He deeply felt that the key to a cure was to stimulate the immune system to the point where it could fight the tumor. But this is not so easy to achieve. This method has been under investigation for a long time. The only currently approved immunotherapy for cancer is a treatment for metastatic melanoma (Ipilimumab or Yervoy, approved in March 2017). His approval was good evidence that this area is important to study with a view to its application in the fight against other forms of the disease.

Chemotherapy and liver transplant

Steve Jobs, whose cause of death was pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer, was treated with various chemotherapy drugs. Two new drugs for the treatment of this disease have recently been approved by the US FDA. Approved in May, Everolimus (Afinitor) works by blocking mTOR kinase to alter cell communication. Sunitinib (Sutent) blocks vascular endothelial growth factor. None of them is a panacea, but provides modest improvements in the condition of patients.

One form of treatment that is not recommended for most types of pancreatic cancer is a liver transplant. It is believed that the transplant, which Steve Jobs underwent before his death, was necessary, since metastases had time to spread to this organ. And although liver failure is a fairly common cause of death in pancreatic cancer patients, because the liver is close to it and often affected by malignant neoplasms, transplantation is not the accepted standard of care because there is no evidence that it works.

Even if a new liver prevents failure, the immunosuppressive drugs needed to prevent organ rejection may reduce the body's ability to fight off remaining cancer cells. Given many other real-life factors, it is ultimately impossible to conclude whether the transplant extended the life or was another cause of death for Steve Jobs.

Keys to treatment

Steinman, however, presents a different case. By subjecting himself to a range of therapies, he increased the average chance of survival for his type of cancer by several years. But which method of treatment was the most effective is unknown. A combination of different therapies probably helped him. Steinman himself was confident in dendritic cells, believing that they play a crucial role, although before that they were used only for the treatment of HIV.

To truly unravel the inner workings of the pancreas, more basic human science is needed. Current efforts to improve understanding of the molecular and genetic differences of each tumor, which hold out the hope of finding patterns in growth rate and response to treatment, may help find the best targets for therapy. But much of what determines why one patient can live for 8 years and another for 8 months seems to depend on the biology of these cancers. In other words, scientists simply do not know the answer to this question.

"died on October 5, 2011 from complications of pancreatic cancer, he was 56 years old. The average life expectancy for this form of cancer is 3-6 months, but Steve Jobs successfully fought the disease for twenty years.

Steve has been battling pancreatic cancer for two decades.

Pancreatic cancer is a rapidly progressing malignant tumor leading to death.

As such, twenty years of living with this type of cancer can be considered a long time for anyone battling this type of cancer; and in order to simply live through them, it was necessary to choose the right strategy in all respects to combat the disease.

It is well known that Steve Jobs chose alternative and natural therapies to treat his illness.

There are two types of pancreatic cancer.

A more aggressive form, which Jobs didn't have, attacks cells and tissues that produce enzymes and remove toxins from the body.

Oncology, which Jobs suffered, destroys the cells of the pancreas that produce hormones. Life expectancy for this disease is usually 3 to 6 months on average. However, Steve lived with him for twenty years! It appears that he did not undergo chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

But before that, Steve had lived twenty years with advanced cancer!

Let's think about it. Prominent doctors who treat pancreatic cancer say that the prognosis of the disease that Jobs suffered usually allows patients to live from 3 to 6 months, but Steve managed to live 20 years! What is Steve's latest mistake?

To accurately answer this question, we must define two main causes of cancer:

• General slagging of the body
• Micronutrient deficiency

The term "general slagging of the body" means that the body is overloaded with toxins that are not excreted for a long time.

That is why cleansing the excretory system, especially the colon, liver, and kidneys, remains a sure way to stay away from cancer-causing toxins.

When the body is not able to get rid of toxins through clean water, good nutrition, cleansing, fasting, and constant exercise, the toxins fill the cells of the body, causing the first diseases and cancer.

When the body is overloaded with toxins, the following appear: symptoms and diseases:

• allergies
• Insufficiency of the immune system
• Failure to fight colds and infections
• irritable bowel syndrome
• Gluten intolerance
• Furunculosis
• Problems with blood sugar levels
• Depression
• Mental and emotional disorders

Almost every health problem people see a doctor for is a warning sign that you're not taking good care of your body.

If these health problems are left unattended for a long time, they continue to spread to other parts of the body, and sometimes lead to the development of cancer.

Micronutrient deficiency occurs when there is a lack of vitamins and minerals in the daily diet. Get rid of prepackaged, pre-cooked foods and replace them with whole foods that your body can actually put to good use.

organically grown foods are the best for the body because they contain the least amount of toxic chemicals. Some of the most acceptable and beneficial foods for the body can be grown in your own garden.

The best and safest way to get vitamins and minerals is to eat natural foods.

I think we can safely say that Steve Jobs, for most of his life, followed a healthy diet and periodically cleansed his body.

In addition, we know that he used excellent alternative therapies. Twenty years is a long enough time to fight cancer, but Steve had an optimistic outlook on life and did not suffer from pain or discomfort for most of those years.

So what can we take from the above?

Stick to a natural diet and take care of yourself in all aspects of your life. These include the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual aspects.

Steve Jobs was well aware of the importance of this approach, and it helped him not only maintain control over various aspects of his life, but also live twenty happy years, despite pancreatic cancer.

Food that prevents cancer

Cruciferous vegetables and dark leafy greens include: cabbage, broccoli, mustard greens, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, bok choy, kale, and spinach.

These excellent vegetables contain anti-cancer compounds that destroy potential carcinogens (toxins) in the body. They actively work to prevent the formation of cancer. You should try to include a variety of vegetables in your daily diet, either raw or steamed with stewed garlic and a little olive oil.

It is necessary to use berries from the genus of strawberries: raspberries, blueberries, strawberries; cranberries and other berries are also useful. A Ohio State University Medical Center study found that all strawberries work equally well in preventing cancer, and they can even shrink the size of malignant tumors. These results were published in the June issue of Pharmaceutical Research. ()

Organic fruits and vegetables are good for your health: To ensure you are getting enough whole foods in your diet, use a color system. Eat five to seven raw or steamed vegetables and fruits of different colors.

Garlic- Best eaten raw. Garlic supplements, as well as eating the whole plant, are ineffective. The first cancer research examining the properties of garlic was described in the 1950s, when researchers injected mice suffering from cancer intramuscularly with garlic's valuable active ingredient known as allicin. Mice injected with allicin continued to live for the next 6 months; mice without injections of allicin survived only 2 months. Since then, numerous studies have proven the undeniable effectiveness of garlic in the prevention of various diseases and cancer. ()

Another active ingredient in garlic, allyl sulfur, has also been shown to be effective in preventing cancer. A large-scale study conducted among middle-aged women from the Iowa Women's Health Epidemiological Center showed excellent results.

Women who regularly ate raw garlic had a 35% lower risk of developing colon cancer.

Laboratory studies of the properties of green tea have shown that its active components, called catechins, inhibit the growth of cancer cells by destroying toxins before they can lead to the formation of a tumor. In studies of the condition of cells in the skin, liver and stomach of mice, green and black tea catechins contributed to a decrease in the size of the tumor.

To date, studies done on people drinking green tea have proven just as promising. In one such study, 18,000 men consumed green tea in their daily diet; at the end of the study, their health indicators were compared with those of people who consume other drinks.

More than fifty percent of tea drinkers were less likely to develop throat and stomach cancer, although some of them were smokers and did not always follow a healthy diet.

Produced in the body when exposed to sunlight, this is the only way this vitamin is most effectively absorbed. Contrary to popular negative opinion, sun exposure and sunbathing have a wonderful effect on our health. However, sunburn causes serious damage to the skin. In order not to "burn out", you should not lie in the sun for a long time.

Conclusion

In conclusion, let's think about a wise saying often quoted by Steve Jobs. Perhaps we can use this wisdom for our own lives:

Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't let the noise of other people's opinions drown out your voice. Have the courage to follow your heart. They know exactly who you really want to be. Everything else is secondary!

Content

Steve Jobs is a central, key figure in the development of the computer and mobile industry. He was born on February 24, 1955 in San Francisco. From childhood, he was surrounded by technology and everything connected with it. His mother was an accountant, and his father was an auto mechanic, so the circle of friends of the future genius was reduced to programmers and engineers. And this had a huge impact on shaping the interests of the future head of Apple.

Way to success

Purposefulness and the desire to change the world have always been the main engines of Steve Jobs. He started his computer career with his friend Stephen Wozniak. They created their own club, in which they gathered like-minded people - those who like to delve into the structure of microcircuits.

It was Wozniak who created the computer that greatly impressed his friend. Steve offered to sell this miracle technique. Friends agreed: Wozniak works on the "stuffing" of technology, and Steve gives it a shape and creates the interface that customers will like the most (Steve knew a lot about people's desires).

They began selling the first Macintosh personal computers (Mac for short) available to the average user. The novelty was that anyone could use such equipment. In addition, the unique advertising campaign also helped the whole world to learn about the technique of Steve Jobs in a short time. This formed the foundation of the company, and quality products have earned the trust of all users of the world.

What did Steve Jobs die of?

The head and creator of the "Apple Empire" said goodbye to life on October 5, 2011. The cause of Steve's death was not immediately known. Despite a protracted illness, Jobs continued to work on the creation of new company products. Even while on vacation, he did not stop supervising the work of employees and controlling the quality of new products. Only in recent months, Steve decided to devote to his family in Palo Alto. There he died.

Cause of death of Steve Jobs

The leader of a successful company was a supporter of alternative medicine. He believed that proper nutrition, special herbs and techniques are better than any medicines and doctors in principle, so he repeatedly resorted to Indian practices of meditation and yoga.

For this reason, when in 2003 Steve was given a disappointing, shocking diagnosis - pancreatic cancer, he categorically refused the operation. For nine whole months, he tried to suppress the disease with various non-traditional methods, but everything was in vain. Therefore, in 2004, he agreed to the operation, which was ultimately successful. The entrepreneur said that he completely got rid of cancer. But his unhealthy appearance spoke for itself. This situation caused rumors among journalists.

Despite Steve's assurances, the tumor cells continued to grow, and he had to undergo chemotherapy courses. But this was carried out secretly, all suspicions about the disease were rejected.

Even in 2006, during a speech at the annual Worldwide Developers Conference, Steve Jobs looked listless. This renewed rumors about the return of the disease. But Jobs and company representatives vehemently rejected these assumptions.

In 2008, the same situation repeated itself, only after the performance at WWDC. The sickly appearance of the head of Apple was explained by a common viral illness.

In January 2009, Steve went on vacation, which was argued by poor health. He devoted this time to his family. In April 2009 he needed a liver transplant. Its necessity was caused by the fact that pancreatic cancer "grows", metastases also affect the liver, which is why it simply fails. The operation, according to doctors, was a success.

Jobs went on vacation again in January 2011. But he could not immediately give up the business of a lifetime and helped his deputy run the company. The entrepreneur still spoke at the official sales launches of his products. But journalists noticed that the man had lost even more weight and even assured that he needed a wheelchair.

Death of Steve Jobs

August 2011 - Steve Jobs stepped down from his position, and put Tim Cook in the place of the head, after which he went on a well-deserved vacation. At the same time, doctors made disappointing predictions about the life of the entrepreneur.

After his death on October 5, doctors had several versions of how Steve Jobs died and what was the true cause of his death: pancreatic cancer, liver failure, or the countless immunosuppressants that he took after an organ transplant. Still, doctors tend to the first option. They say that with such a diagnosis, treatment must begin immediately. But Steve's stubborn nature did not allow him to do it right away.

Steve Jobs left the world with amazing achievements in the field of technology that cannot be surpassed by other companies to this day. Any product with an apple depicted is still associated by users with high quality, simplicity and reliability.

Steve Jobs - one of the key figures in the computer industry - died of a serious illness at the age of 56.

Jobs himself or Apple did not give exact information about the causes of the disease and about his well-being. In conversations with reporters, Jobs declined to elaborate on his health and noted that he and his family would be "greatly appreciative of the respect" given to his personal life. He considered his health his personal matter, which no one else should concern.

Disease history

In 2003, it became officially known about the serious illness of Jobs. The doctors diagnosed him with pancreatic cancer. This disease is considered fatal. The chance to live at least another 5 years is 10%. Jobs was on the list of "lucky ones", he turned out to have an operable form of cancer - a rare type of this disease, known as an islet cell neuroendocrine tumor. At first, Jobs resisted the idea of ​​conventional medical intervention and following a special diet. But in July 2004, he nevertheless underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (“Whipple procedure”). Then the tumor was successfully removed. Jobs did not require chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

In early August 2006, Jobs gave a speech at the annual Worldwide Developers Conference. His appearance led to rumors of a possible recurrence of pancreatic cancer. He looked "thin, almost skinny" and unusually "sluggish". However, journalists who saw Jobs in person said that he "looked good." In addition, Apple representatives said that "Steve's health is strong."

Repeated rumors about Jobs's illness appeared in 2008, after his speech at WWDC. Then Apple representatives said that Jobs was a victim of a “common virus” and was taking antibiotics. Despite this claim, rumors circulated that his emaciated appearance was due to the effects of cancer treatment.

Apple representatives often had to answer questions about the health of Steve Jobs at official conferences. The answer was almost always the same: "It's a private matter."

Steve Jobs himself also did not like to talk about his health. At a media event, Jobs ended his presentation with a slide that read "110/70" for blood pressure. Showing this slide, he stated that he would not answer questions about his health.

In January 2009, Apple received information that Jobs had been suffering from a "hormonal imbalance" for several months. A few days later, in an Apple memo, Jobs wrote that last week, "I found out that my health issues are more complex than I thought." So he announced his six-month vacation until the end of June 2009. Jobs devoted this time to rest and his health. But despite the vacation, Jobs was involved in "major strategic decisions."

Liver transplant

In April 2009, Jobs underwent a liver transplant at the University of Tennessee Methodist Hospital in Memphis. The need for a transplant has been linked to pancreatic cancer. This type of cancer metastasizes to many organs and in most cases also affects the liver. The doctors were pleased with the result of the operation and made "excellent" predictions.

In January 2011, a year and a half after Jobs returned from a liver transplant, Apple announced that he had been granted medical leave.

As with his previous medical leave, Jobs was actively involved in the life of the company. He spoke at the iPad 2 launch on March 2, represented iCloud at the Worldwide Developers Conference on June 6, and spoke to the Cupertino City Council on June 7.

In August 2011, many publications published photos of Jobs, which showed that he had lost a lot of weight and needed a wheelchair.

distant target

Steve Jobs fought cancer for more than 8 years and was able to live longer than some doctors predicted. Treatment of pancreatic cancer is an extremely difficult task. The official cause of death is pancreatic cancer. But doctors note that among other causes of the death of the founder of Apple, there may be both a failure of a transplanted liver and life-threatening side effects of taking immunosuppressants.

Journalist Walter Mossberg, who has known Steve Jobs for the past 14 years, wrote in The Wall Street Journal about visiting Jobs at home as he recovered from his liver transplant at his Palo Alto home. . After talking, they decided to take a walk. After the operation, Jobs walked every day, all the while setting a more distant goal for the walk.

The journalist recalls that Jobs at this time "wanted to reach at all costs" to a nearby park. At the same time, according to Mossberg, he looked sickly. On the way to the park, Jobs suddenly stopped. “He was clearly sick. I offered to go home, making it clear that I didn't know how to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation and vividly imagine the headlines of tomorrow's newspapers, which will definitely write "Helpless reporter let Steve Jobs die on a walk." He laughed, but refused to return, and after a short rest we continued our walk towards the park,” recalls Walter Mossberg.