Today, many specialists involved in the fish farming industry are confident that the fish business is a promising sector of the economy. If all the necessary conditions for the successful development of the population are provided, it is possible to organize the supply of fish at the state level. Now farming fish at home as a business is very popular, not even on a national scale, but to ensure high personal profits.

Previously, growing fish in artificially created reservoirs was considered a popular way. But poachers interfered with the natural development and reproduction of young animals. Therefore, private business relocated mainly to mini-farms built at home.

For the successful development of the fishing business and its prosperity, it is not enough just to invest the necessary amount of money in it, build a pool or organize a reservoir, buy equipment and start the fish. Every novice fish farmer should familiarize himself with the basics of breeding and keeping various fish species in accordance with established standards.

Growing fish at home for beginners involves following steps such as:

• arrangement of a home farm;
• providing the economy with the necessary equipment;
• choice of breed and purchase of fish;
• purchase of feed;
• compliance with the rules of feeding and maintenance;
• search for places of sale;
• taking into account all possible risks in doing business;
• documenting.

How to start home fish farming from scratch

Water remains an indispensable condition for ensuring the life of a private fishery. The liquid must be of high quality, which has an impact on the health of fry and adult fish.

To provide fish with this important resource, it is necessary:

1. Create an artificial reservoir

To ensure this stage, it will be useful to contact the Epidemiological Surveillance, so that specialists can conduct the necessary analyzes of the aquatic environment and give valuable advice on improving its quality, if necessary. With low water quality, it will be enough to clean the pond or aerate.

2. Determination of water quality

The well-being of the fish depends on this parameter. In order for living creatures not to get sick, water must have such characteristics as:

• appropriate proportion of salts;
• various temperature regimes;
• optimal pH level;
• the required content of bacteria in it;
• general transparency;
• the right amount of minerals;
• color properties;
• proportions of gaseous substances dissolved in water.

All indicators are subject to certain standards. If they fit into them, then problems with keeping fish will not arise.

3. Launch fry

Each breed of fish needs to provide optimal conditions for keeping, including a suitable temperature regime. Therefore, you should ask about this in advance.

Some species live comfortably in cold water, including carp, crucian carp, sterlet, catfish, grass carp, silver carp, salmon, and trout. There are also breeds that ideally live and breed in warm water, not lower than 20 degrees.

4. Process of growing fish

When organizing a home mini-farm or a large farm, you need to know the main stages of fish life. They include spawning, the appearance of fry, the passage of the wintering phase, the growth process and the final stage - feeding. Their accounting helps to separate each stage and create a step-by-step plan for the growth of the young replenishment and the old generation. It is desirable that a separate reservoir or pool be equipped for each period.

Experienced fish farmers know how to breed fish from fry caviar. This requires a separate pool, where the hatched fry are transplanted. In the process of growing, when they reach the desired age, they should be moved to another special reservoir, necessary for gaining mass. When the new generation finally gains strength, its health will no longer be afraid of external factors, then it is moved to a feeding reservoir. For the wintering period, fish are placed in special wintering ponds, where suitable conditions have been created for a comfortable stay of fish.

You should always monitor the quality of the water in the pond, its purity and oxygen saturation. It is necessary to check the water for the presence of methane and hydrogen sulfide - these substances should be absent. The presence of aquatic plants in water bodies will have a good effect on the health of fish, which will allow young organisms to be saturated with essential trace elements and minerals.

5. Feeding

At each age, the fish needs certain feed additives. For fry, supplements will be required to increase immunity in the form of therapeutic stress feed. They help fish overcome diseases and develop immunity to them.

Tanks for breeding fish

Preparation of equipment for business

Since it will be difficult to grow high-quality and healthy fish with only one pond or pool, it is necessary to provide your future business and fisheries with the necessary equipment.

Each body of water needs mandatory purification, which will help provide a gravity filter. Its installation does not take much time, it is quite simple. The cost of such a device is in the region of 5 thousand rubles. It allows not only to purify water from pollution, but also to eliminate harmful microorganisms that are the cause of the formation of mud and flowering of water.

For an artificially created reservoir, you will need a compressor apparatus. But its cost will be 2 times more expensive than that of a gravity filter. It will also prevent water blooms by using sterilizers with ultraviolet diodes.

It is most convenient to pump out liquid from an artificially created reservoir using a hydraulic pump. An alternative option is to create your own apparatus from tubes. When using such equipment, underground mines will fill the pond. In specialized stores, you need to buy feeders and various fishing equipment. You also need to take care of the availability of drainage equipment.

Separately, it is necessary to equip the reservoir for the future fish offspring with everything necessary. To do this, you need a closed water supply installation, which includes the following components:

• pool;
• biological and mechanical water purification systems;
• pumping stations for supplying clean liquid;
• denitrification plants;
• acidity control system;
• heat generators;
• installations for liquid enrichment with oxygen.

Depending on the scale of the pool or reservoir, as well as the variety of living creatures that live there, different equipment capacities are selected.

Species of fish for breeding

The ideal varieties of fish, which are often used in private business, as well as for breeding for industrial purposes, are:

• trout;
• carp;
• perch;
• crucian carp;
• other species of the carp family.

It is advisable for every novice entrepreneur to choose a specific breed and stock up on relevant literature in order to learn how to breed, how to grow, how to keep one or another variety.

Novice businessmen planning to breed several fish species at the same time should be aware that they need to be combined so that they can naturally get along with each other. For example, perches are predatory fish; they cannot be kept together with young animals, since they will simply eat newborn fish.

Cyprinids are an unpretentious breed, they will feed on cereals, grains, beans, consume larvae and, with particular pleasure, eat compound feed, corn or peas. Quite unpretentious in content, carp fish will cost much less on the market than, for example, trout. But it will be difficult for beginner fish farmers to start their activities with the same trout, as it requires professional care.

Ways to sell finished products, providing additional income

When planning any type of business, you should think in advance about all possible ways to sell finished products and think about additional sources of income.

In the fishing business, accepting a low price is beneficial. In order to quickly ensure the sale of products, one should not inflate prices, especially at the beginning of work. Do not forget that fish is a perishable product. Therefore, you should think in advance about finding suitable 3-4 points that will be ready to accept products for sale.

The main supplies of fish products are provided by foreign companies, and, accordingly, the price of such products is significantly overstated. If you get in touch personally with the owners of shops and grocery stores, they will gladly agree to sell good quality products from domestic production and private entrepreneurs at a more affordable cost.

Places where you can offer fish products:

• local markets of the city or regional;
• supermarket chains;
• public institutions;
• fast food places;
• online stores - rather quickly gaining popularity places for the sale of almost any goods;
• personal outlets.

It will be very convenient for the fish business to set up not only the process of keeping and breeding individuals, but also to ensure the sale of products. To do this, private entrepreneurs organize their own points of sale, where they supply products.

To keep the fish business afloat, it needs constant investment. They can be provided by attracting regular customers. As an additional income, you can organize paid fishing if it is a large artificial reservoir. To do this, it is necessary to provide convenient and comfortable places for fishing, passages and paths, equip a reservoir with bridges and paths. It is also necessary to take care of the timely mowing of the grass, fence the territory and hire watchmen.

Another option is to rent boats if the size of the reservoir is significant. Selling related products, such as fishing equipment, may also be appropriate.

Benefits and risks of the fishing business

The advantage of the fish business is that it generates income even at times when prices for finished products in the markets fall. The main thing is to be able to bring it to the official and legal level when organizing a business. When performing these tasks, there will always be difficulties, among which:

• difficulties of an administrative nature - if it is the lease of a pond or reservoir, then this must be agreed with local governments. The process is bureaucratic. If the vending reservoir is endowed with the status of a natural monument, then it will not be possible to rent it;
• fish is a perishable product, therefore it has a short shelf life, which is not always beneficial for entrepreneurs who have not had time to find good sales outlets;
• impact of infectious diseases – fisheries are susceptible to infection by common diseases. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the health of the population three times a month. For this, control individuals are captured with subsequent testing. If a disease is detected, it is necessary to purchase additional medicated feed containing antibiotics or immunoprotectors.

The process of starting your own business

From a formal point of view, the opening of a fish farm involves the registration of an organization, the purchase of all necessary equipment, the lease of a reservoir, the establishment of a population and the conclusion of contracts for the sale of finished products. The required documents for company registration are determined by the type of ownership. You can register an enterprise as an LLC, as an individual entrepreneur or as a peasant farm.

Now farming fish at home as a business is very popular and is a promising branch of the economy.

A large number of people in our country want to work and make a profit from their activities, do interesting things for themselves and be independent. There are more and more individual entrepreneurs (IP) and various LLCs, more attention is paid by the state, local authorities to businessmen. Banks reduce interest rates when issuing loans to LLCs and individual entrepreneurs. The type of activity - fish farming in artificial reservoirs, as a type of business, is becoming more and more popular.

Fish is a useful food product that can be used in various forms: boil, fry, smoke, salt, dry, preserve. Mostly fresh frozen fish. The one who is engaged in the supply of food to the market is never a loser. Fish is in especially high demand, for this reason alone, the business should be profitable. There are several directions for the development of fish farming: pond, cage and pool - breeding fish in artificial reservoirs. We will consider it in detail in the review.

Fish farming in artificial reservoirs is a modern, progressive method of intensive development of fish farming. An artificial reservoir is also a dug pond. For its device, a pit is needed. The pond is profitable, but its creation process is very laborious. The main thing is that the bottom should be even. The presence of holes can cause waterlogging of the soil. As an insulating material at the bottom are used: clay, asbestos, concrete, sand. Large farms usually have several ponds with different purposes: spawning, for fry, for wintering, feeding.

Business organization

Breeding fish as a business, practically does not depend on bad weather conditions, seasons. With the skillful organization of your activities, you can quickly begin to receive a stable income.

When organizing a business, you must first consider:

• high-quality planting material is needed - growing fry;
• for individual entrepreneurs, it is advisable to purchase, grow young animals, bring them to marketable weight;
• it is useless to do it alone or with the whole family;
• great success will not be ensured in the absence of qualified specialists.

Pros and cons of this business

The main advantage is profitability - the possibility of obtaining a stable income (up to 20% on average). Sometimes profitability reaches 40% in large farms.

Profit can be obtained in the following cases:

• marketing of fish has been established;
• the issue of transporting fresh fish has been resolved. Sufficiently high market price with the possibility of transporting it over long distances.
• the possibility of breeding, selling sales on the spot with a small number of competitors is a particularly profitable business.

The advantages include:

• low cost to start a business;
• requirements for fish care are much lower than in other branches of agriculture;
• rapid growth of fish when using advanced rearing methods. Malek carp in a year can reach a marketable weight (one to two kilograms)

Main cons:

• significant funds are spent in organizing their business;
• not a quick return on investment (requires 2 - 2.5);
• possible marketing difficulties. Not even all supermarkets have pools for keeping fish;
• in summer it is difficult to store and transport fresh fish;
• in hot weather, the fish grows well and feeds. In cold weather it feeds poorly and does not grow;
• ecology and related fish diseases are important;
• seasonality in the sale of fresh fish. A higher price for fish in summer, but at this time it is still scarce. In the autumn, mainly, the fish acquires marketable weight, its bulk is sold, and as a result, the price decreases.

Species of fish for expedient rearing

Among the variety of fish species, it is necessary to choose species that are not whimsical to feed, quickly gaining weight, resistant to diseases, and in stable demand. Many experts advise starting fish farming with carp and trout, which are in high demand.

Please note that it is more profitable to breed carp. Feed costs are somewhat less, care is easier. It is important to remember that carp do not tolerate shallow water.

Growing trout is a more time-consuming and complex process. However, its breeding attracts many businessmen. This is due to excellent taste, relatively lower habitat requirements compared to other salmon species, high prices. Many farmers breed silver carps. They quickly gain weight (up to 30 kilograms of weight and up to a meter in length).

Experts advise to pay attention to the little-mentioned fish - tench. Fish with excellent taste, not whimsical, requires minimal care, resistant to disease. The main thing is that it perfectly tolerates the lack of oxygen, which is often insufficient in water in artificial small reservoirs.

Ways to breed fish for a profitable business

For a business to be profitable when using pools, you must:

• have a large area of ​​land. At the same time, various approvals, certain conditions are not required;
• apply new technology of closed water exchange (RAS). It does not require the lease of large areas of land. When using RAS, it is recommended to choose sturgeon or salmon for cultivation - delicacy fish varieties. Since expensive equipment for water purification and exchange increases the cost of cultivation by about 1.5 times.

Large fish farms have several hangars with pools at a very high density of fish (from 40 to 400 kg of fish per 1 m³). The process of automatic feeding with dry granular food is provided, which contributes to the rapid weight gain of fish. The applied purification system allows removing contaminants, saturating water with oxygen.

It is also important that it is possible to choose any volume, shape of the pool, material that does not require careful maintenance, is durable. The pools can be used all year round.

Modern technology has obvious advantages:

• no wastewater discharge;
• saving water resources;
• ease of excretion of waste products of fish;
• reduced care time;
• management of the process of breeding fish - the ability to automatically adjust the temperature of the water and its saturation with oxygen, regulate the feed supply. The only, but significant, drawback of RAS is the high cost of the system;
• the process of growing fish must be continuous.

When planning a business, the land in the country is clearly not enough. You may need to lease land.

Business plan

For profitable business activities, it is imperative to develop a business plan. It will help to avoid unnecessary expenses and many mistakes.

When investing heavily in organizing a business, everything must be well thought out, calculated, and then strictly carried out as planned. A business can only be profitable with proper planning. It is important to take into account the scale of the project, the region where the businessman operates, the fish for breeding, the technology used, and a number of other factors.

To reduce the payback period of your project, reduce costs, you need to contact specialists and pay for their services. When drawing up a business plan for a large company, it is necessary to involve specialized specialists.

Breeding fish in small pools will require practically no costs, usually does not require a business plan.

How to succeed in business?

You can increase your profitability in the following ways:

• organize the cultivation of fish, sale in the area of ​​​​residence;
• comply with the recommendations of business experts;
• organize normal conditions for the existence of fish. It is important to monitor the condition of the pools, your own pond (clean it in a timely manner, monitor the water temperature);
• organize your own processing if it is impossible to sell the fish in full (freeze, smoke, make canned food);

Please note that demand is not always stable, sales need to be debugged. It takes some time to acquire a reputation as a reliable supplier to shops, restaurants, bars.

• Don't forget to pay special attention to quality advertising. Buyers, customers should inquire about the availability of fresh fish sold at a bargain price. It is necessary to place advertisements on the Internet, at fish shops, supermarkets, on city websites, in local newspapers, in flyers and magazines about fishing. The method is effective, relevant, will allow you to quickly start making big profits;
• in the presence of a large artificial reservoir, it is also possible to allow fishing for a small fee.

Business registration

To start any activity, business registration is required. At the same time, the estimated volume of fish breeding and its sale (how and where to sell) is important. When creating an artificial reservoir, it is much easier to register your activity than in a natural reservoir. This requires an epidemiological conclusion of the fishery and does not require permits. It is necessary to register an individual entrepreneur or LLC with the OKVED code "Fish farming" in the classifier "Types of economic activity".

When making wholesale deliveries, it is necessary to register as an LLC - a legal entity. Intermediaries, fish shops, supermarkets are interested in wholesale deliveries. They prefer to do business with LLC. This is the most profitable, fastest, easiest way to sell products. It is also possible to organize self-delivery.

Individual entrepreneurs who do not have a legal address have to take care of the marketing of their products on their own, without the possibility of wholesale deliveries. They can open a retail outlet, rent a place in the market. This entails additional costs associated with organizing transportation, paying for a trading place, arranging a place to store fish that were not sold on the same day.

LLC registrations

For registration you need:

• submit a package of documents to the tax office;
• choose a name for the company. It should convey to the consumer information about the products;
• choose a taxation system for calculating taxes and fees;
• register in the Unified State Register (EGRLE) and obtain a Certificate of LLC registration;
• the enterprise is registered in the pension, medical, social funds.

IP registration is also carried out by the tax service. For taxation, a simplified tax payment system is usually chosen or a patent is issued.

Initial capital

"Starting" capital can be purchased:

• in a banking institution. However, despite the constant reduction in interest rates on loans for individual entrepreneurs and LLCs, experience shows that this is not the best option for acquiring capital.
• A businessman will start receiving income from his activities no earlier than 2-3 years. At the same time, the minimum period for which a loan is required must be at least three years. In the form of interest for the use of bank funds, you will have to pay a significant amount of money;
• it is much more profitable to organize a business on shares;
• borrow money from friends or relatives.

Someone can borrow money at a certain percentage, which will be much lower than that of the lender bank. Or they can give money with the prospect of buying fresh fish in the future at a better price.

The most common misconceptions of young farmers

Most often, novice farmers do not consider the following:

• it is impossible to start activities with a large volume of production. Despite the rather simple technique of rearing fry, experience and knowledge in the industry is required. Growing fry is the most difficult, important and responsible activity in breeding fish. Elementary mistakes can lead to the loss of all fry at once. Even with proper care for fry, sometimes up to 10% of them die.

First, you need to master the basics, get the necessary skills to care for fry, positive results, and then increase production volumes;

• you can’t buy an unreliable, makeshift tank for growing fry. In case of failures in cleaning, enriching water with oxygen, pumping water, all the fry in the pool can not die - the loss of funds will be huge. Breeding fish is a profitable business, but the main thing is not to chase big profits and rush to get it;
• in the absence of experience in the manufacture of the pool, its construction should be entrusted to professionals - masters of their craft. The cost will pay off if done right. And having spent significant funds on the independent construction of the pool and having lost the first failures, you can lose interest in your offspring, stop the commercial activity that has almost not begun;
• the need to conduct financial calculations of the costs incurred and the profits received, consultations with economists and experienced businessmen. With a large volume of production, they can help to make significant profits and avoid losses.

Conclusion

More and more businessmen are engaged in fish breeding, and for many it brings not only tangible benefits, but also pleasure from their activities. To start a business, not large investments are required, and income can be received regularly and significant with the skillful management of your household, using the advice of specialists.

The guarantee of success is the use of modern technology of closed water exchange, automation of processes. It is important for a successful business to create normal conditions for growing fish, optimal conditions for the sale of fresh fish, and try to sell products in bulk in your area. It is advisable to organize your own fish processing, pay more attention to advertising your products.

Fish is one of the most important products in human nutrition and its cultivation cannot, with proper business management, not be profitable and not bring a significant permanent income.

Do you love and have the opportunity to care for living creatures, and would you like to make your own farm a source of permanent income? Then, most likely, our business plan for breeding fish in a pond is written just for you. We will tell you how to start a business, how much money you need to invest at first, and how expedient it is to start trading fish in general.

View selection

Before taking decisive action, you should decide what kind of fish you will breed. Two varieties of fish are in the greatest demand on the modern market - and the latter type is several times more difficult and expensive to grow, but such a farm promises more profit: for example, in 2014, a kilogram of carp cost 50-63 rubles, and trout - 140 rubles.

Carp breeding

The advantages of a business plan based solely on carp breeding are obvious. Firstly, this fish is unpretentious, and secondly, almost any body of water is not suitable for; finally, learning how to handle this species is very easy - just read the comprehensive manual. Yes, and carp breeds rapidly: in suitable conditions, the annual growth of fish is at least 500%.

To purchase a sufficient number of carps, at the beginning of the business you will have to invest about 5,300,000 rubles. Yes, this is far from the most affordable business, but to open a trout farming business, you will need at least 33,000,000 rubles.

Trout breeding

Unlike the previous option, the business plan for trout farming as an entrepreneurial endeavor involves much more spending - and not only on the fish themselves.

Firstly, specialized feed costs a lot of money: about 80 rubles per kilogram. Such nutrient mixtures are produced in Germany, and in Russia they are produced and sold in Sergiev Posad. And it is not possible to replace this food with a cheaper one if you do not want to get fish with white, and not pinkish or red meat.

Secondly, some funds at first will have to be spent on consultations with an experienced fish farmer. For trout breeding, it is not enough to read books; experience is needed, special education is indispensable. If you decide to get down to business seriously, you can even organize a business trip to the southern Bohemia - there are fish farming schools of the highest level.

Other options

Some entrepreneurs grow other types of fish besides carp and trout. Also very promising are:

• White amur;
• silver carp;
• zander;
• pike;
• crucian.

In turn, many of the above fish species are also represented by separate breeds: for example, silver carps are white, variegated and hybrid.

Breeding conditions

Naturally, for breeding fish you will need a suitable reservoir. It goes without saying that the cultivation of carp, trout and others is possible only in clean water, where no waste and harmful substances from nearby factories and workshops flow.

In general, reservoirs for breeding fish are divided into three types:

• open ponds and lakes;
• cage fisheries;
• closed reservoirs.

The first type promises the entrepreneur the lowest income - the profitability of such a business will not exceed 12-15%. Business plans for RAS (recirculating water supply installations) are somewhat more promising, but the most profitable undertaking is raising fish in a closed reservoir, as this will allow you to work even in the cold season and hatch fish, including from eggs.

As for open reservoirs, only fry can be grown there, and already a little grown up (150-200 grams): caviar and very tiny fish will not have time to develop - they will be detected faster by predators.

One way or another, for your own business, you need a reservoir with a depth of at least 1.5 meters (for carp breeding) and 15 meters (for trout); the first type of fish is suitable for a temperature of 16–19 ° C, the second - 24–25 ° C.

Working with a pond that occupies less than 5 hectares is irrational. If you have such a reservoir in a suburban area or nearby, you are very lucky. But even if there was no suitable pond or lake nearby, it’s not a problem - after all, if you wish, you can organize your own reservoir.

Creating a new pond

Work to create a reservoir near your site will cost about 350–500,000 rubles, but you can save money if you find a buyer for the vacated soil. If you are working on loamy and sandy soil, equip a pond with an artificial bottom, but you can simply “correct” nature a little - for example, deepen an existing lowland.

When choosing a site for a new pond, keep in mind that the water should be under direct sunlight in the morning - from sunrise to 11 am. This is necessary so that algae actively grows in the water, otherwise the fish may lack oxygen. And remember that the new lake will require constant care - being abandoned, it will quickly become shallow and then turn into a swamp.

Company registration

Before opening an enterprise, a set of measures should be taken that legalize fish farming: it must necessarily include the costs of. You can entrust these works to employees of specialized companies, or you can go on a journey through the authorities yourself. In the second case, you will save money, but spend more time and effort.

If you are setting up a new pond, you need to get:

• administration permission;
• results of ecological expertise;
• permission of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

If you rent a body of water, you will need permission from the local authority and the lease itself to operate legally. However, before renting a pond, consider whether it is advisable.

* Calculations use average data for Russia

4 000 000 ₽

Minimum starting capital

From 4 years old

Payback

25%

Profitability

The fishery industry is of great interest to entrepreneurs. This direction is in demand and promising, although it requires considerable investments and is associated with certain risks. Both natural and artificial (pond) reservoirs are suitable for fish farming. They grow domesticated fish and their hybrids.

Pond fish farming, which is discussed in this article, is the cultivation of fish using intensive technologies and is characterized by a high degree of use of all components of the forage base of reservoirs, plus additional feed. The main goals of pond fish farming are natural and artificial breeding of fish, selection and breeding work and acclimatization of new fish species.

Trending Product 2019

Thousands of ideas for quick money. All world experience in your pocket..

The main expenses in this business are related to the organization of a reservoir, which should be at least 1-1.5 hectares in area, its maintenance and the cost of buying feed. However, in addition to funds, you need to have good knowledge in this area. Mistakes that beginners often make are fraught with serious consequences.

Artificial reservoir for breeding and keeping fish

Reservoirs used for water supply to livestock farms, irrigation of plots, watering of livestock, etc. are suitable for breeding fish. In addition, separate reservoirs - fish ponds - can be built for these purposes. The first option in most cases is suitable as an additional source of income and increase the profitability of livestock farming. The second option can become an independent type of profitable business. The main feature of a fish pond, which distinguishes it from natural reservoirs, is the ability to control all biological processes occurring in it - from growing fish to breeding food.

You need to start this difficult business by finding a place for a pond in which fish will be kept and bred, or a place for it. It doesn't matter if you are planning to build a new pond or rehabilitate a destroyed pond, a pond used for fish farming must meet a few basic requirements.

These requirements apply to both its location and the characteristics of the reservoir itself. In the first case, pay attention to the presence of developed infrastructure near your future fish farm. Be sure to have access roads and settlements nearby. As mentioned above, the minimum area of ​​your pond should be at least one hectare. However, one should not go to the other extreme: a large pond is much more difficult to maintain, expensive to maintain, and its fish productivity is noticeably lower than small ponds.

Artificial reservoirs are built in two main ways: using dams or by digging. The choice of one or another method depends on the terrain, soil characteristics, source of water supply and other factors. Experts consider the most suitable reservoir, formed with the help of an artificial dam on a flowing source (spring or stream). In this case, it will be easier to organize water exchange. Also quite a profitable option is the arrangement of a dam for spring and rain water. With heavy movement of such waters, it will be possible to simply install the dam in the right place.

But digging a reservoir "from scratch" is the most costly option. If you prefer it, then carefully choose the site for its construction, taking into account the structure of the soil and the composition of the water. Sandy and marshy soils in this case will not work, or you will have to make an artificial bed for a reservoir from monolithic or precast concrete. The first option is more expensive, and the second requires additional sealing of the seams.

However, regardless of the type of reservoir, its bottom should be as flat as possible. In the presence of holes and low places at the bottom of the pond, waterlogging of the soil occurs, which can be detrimental to fish. A fish pit should be provided in the center of the reservoir near the spillway, which will allow you to quickly catch the inhabitants of the pond and drain the reservoir for the winter. Please note: wintering of fish is possible only in ponds with running water. It is most advantageous to supply water to the pond by gravity through pipes or channels. The use of a pump significantly increases the cost of the entire project.

It is best to make a drain pond. If you can drain and refill the pond, it will allow you to catch fish and regularly clean the bottom of the pond from silt. Release ponds are more convenient, give a greater increase in fish and are less prone to waterlogging. When choosing or arranging a reservoir, pay attention to the territory adjacent to it.

Shrubs, trees, stumps, snags growing near the shore of the pond must be uprooted, otherwise in the future they may contribute to its silting and overgrowing. It is desirable that keys, groundwater outlets or springs are located nearby. If there are such sources, it is recommended to clear them, thus ensuring a natural flow of water into your pond.

Types of ponds suitable for fish farming

There are several main types of ponds, which differ in their location. The most common are the so-called non-flowing or low-flowing ravine ponds, which are located on gently sloping ravines or dry hollows. Such household ponds are small in area (from 0.5 hectares with a depth of up to 1.5 meters) and are used for water supply, bathing, irrigation, etc. Due to their shallow depth, the water in such ponds quickly warms up in the sun.

They are suitable for breeding carp, tench, pike perch, crucian carp and other fish species. If you have chosen just such a pond for your fish farm, then its preliminary preparation for launching fish will consist in cleaning the bottom of the reservoir from silt, installing a bottom outlet and catching weed fish.

Ready-made ideas for your business

Less commonly, forest and park ponds are used for fish farming, as they require a lot of preparatory work before launching fish. First, they need to be drained (at least for one or two years), cleaned of silt, snags and stumps, and a bottom spillway installed.

Reservoir ponds, as a rule, have a vast water area - from several tens to hundreds of hectares, and are used to irrigate fields. If such a pond is planned to be used for breeding fish, then experts advise paying special attention to cleaning and leveling the bottom. In such areas, you can breed carp, carp, pike perch, bream, trout, sterlet, whitefish, etc.

Peat ponds-quarries are formed after the development of peat. Their area is several hundred thousand hectares. However, due to the large number of snags, stumps, earth embankments, pits, etc., catching fish in such ponds is very difficult. On the other hand, if there are enough funds to prepare and fill a quarry pond with water, the “productivity” of such a fish farm, even with extensive cultivation, can be from a couple of centners of fish per 1 hectare of water area per year.

Ready-made ideas for your business

So, no matter where your pond is located, it may require a whole range of expensive preparatory work: drainage (to drain a non-draining pond, water is pumped out), bottom cleaning, removal of stumps, branches, leveling of the bottom and slopes, arrangement of supply and descent channels water, filling the pond with water.

Basic water requirements

The quality of the water in your pond is of key importance. Of course, there are some fish species that survive in polluted and oxygen-depleted water, but it is better to spend time and money on organizing a suitable environment so that the fish do not just survive, but grow well, gain weight and reproduce quickly.

The quality of water in a reservoir is determined, first of all, by the oxygen contained in it, which is consumed by fish during respiration. The lack of oxygen negatively affects all the life processes of the fish and can lead to its death. In natural reservoirs, water is saturated with oxygen from the air under the influence of wind and temperature changes. A large amount of oxygen is also released by aquatic plants. The recommended oxygen content in the pond is 5-7 mg per liter of water.

When the oxygen content in the water drops to 0.3-0.5 mg per liter, the fish dies. In winter, due to the formation of ice cover on the water and the cessation of oxygen release by plants in stagnant water bodies, the oxygen content drops sharply, therefore, in the cold season, it is necessary to carry out additional aeration of the water.

In addition to oxygen, other gases dissolve in water, including methane, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide. The content of free carbon dioxide in an amount of more than 10-20 mg per liter can also have a detrimental effect on fish. In order to avoid the formation of harmful gases in the water, it is necessary to regularly clean the pond from excess silt and aquatic vegetation. For the same purposes, the soil is drained and mineralized, peaty areas are poured with lime and excess vegetation is burned.

In addition to the oxygen content of water, its reaction is also of great importance, which can be acidic (pH less than 7), alkaline (pH above 7) and neutral (pH = 7). To reduce the acidity of water, lime is added to it or lime filters are installed on the sources. For the full development of any organisms in water, various minerals are needed - potassium, calcium and other salts, phosphorus and nitrogen compounds.

Ready-made ideas for your business

In the natural environment, salts come from the soil, dissolving in water. In addition, the enrichment of water with minerals occurs during the decomposition and mineralization of silt deposits into two reservoirs. In artificially created reservoirs, one cannot do without organic and mineral fertilizers, which enrich the water with all the necessary minerals.

Iron in fresh water is usually found in the form of oxide salts. If the reservoir is supplied with water from a spring, then it may contain salts of ferrous iron, which, when converted to oxide, absorbs a large amount of oxygen, forming iron oxide hydrate. The latter can accumulate on the gills of fish in the form of a brown coating, making breathing difficult. This is especially harmful when the acidity of the water is high. On the other hand, plant and animal organisms cannot do without iron at all. To reduce the iron content in water, the water is additionally aerated, since oxygen leads to the oxidation of iron and to its precipitation.

In fish farms, it is extremely important to regularly analyze the water in the reservoir, paying attention to the following parameters: temperature, acidity, oxygen content, hydrogen sulfide and minerals. In some cases (primarily in winter), such measurements must be taken daily. Before stocking a reservoir, experts advise conducting a water analysis in a hydrochemical laboratory. Such laboratories are at SES and Vodokanal. There are also independent laboratories that perform more advanced analysis, which is more preferable.

Features of fish breeding

The choice of certain groups of fish depends, first of all, on the state of the reservoir. According to the conditions of keeping, all types of fish that are suitable for pond breeding can be divided into heat-loving and cold-loving. Heat-loving fish feel good in well-warmed stagnant water. They are not so demanding on the oxygen content. This group of fish includes representatives of the carp family. Cold-loving species, on the contrary, need clean, cool water with a high oxygen content. These fish are suitable for breeding in water bodies that feed on springs or underground sources.

For pond fish farming, carp, carp, crucian carp, tench, pike, pike perch, grass carp, and silver carp are most suitable. In the northern regions, trout, whitefish, and peled can also be grown in artificial reservoirs. To maintain the microclimate of the reservoir, it is recommended to keep several species in one reservoir at once. If you do not have experience in the field of fish farming, be sure to consult with specialists at the planning stage about the composition of the fish being launched.

Beginners often make the mistake of launching some species into the pond that can harm other fish (for example, dwarf catfish, Amur chebachok, etc.). If fish farming is only an additional source of your income, then low-value fish species can also be kept in the reservoir - both small (minnow, gallian, top) and weed fish species (roach, ruff, perch). However, if the former do not interfere with the breeding of commercial species (except that they occupy free space), and even serve as additional food for predatory fish, then weed species simply take food from valuable fish species.

Most fish farm owners prefer carp and trout. Carp are unpretentious and survive well in most water bodies. Trout is more demanding on the conditions and quality of water, however, with slightly higher costs for its maintenance, the retail price of this fish is 3-3.5 times higher! On the other hand, carp breeding does not require much experience. If you decide to engage in trout, you will have to seek help from a qualified specialist. A one-year-old fry (in the case of carps) or a two-year-old fry (trout and some other species) is suitable for populating the pond, as it takes root well and is large enough so that predatory fish do not eat it.

Rules for feeding fish in artificial breeding

With a natural content in the pond, unpretentious fish species have enough natural food, which includes insects, aquatic vegetation, bloodworms (mosquito larvae) and small crustaceans (cyclops, daphnia), but you should not count on high performance with such a content. In the case of artificial breeding in a "densely populated" pond, the fish is supplemented with meal, cake, bran, compound feed for birds or pigs, which is mixed with water to the consistency of the dough. Properly selected feed can increase the natural weight gain of fish up to five times. True, in this case they become the main item of expenditure for the fish industry. They account for up to 60% of all costs.

Top dressing begins in May, when the water temperature reaches 12-15 ° C, and this temperature will last at least half a day. During this period, they give no more than 7% of the total amount of feed calculated for the growing season. It is recommended to feed the fish twice a day (the most favorable time is at 12-13 and at 18 o'clock). It is best to determine in advance the place for the location of the so-called "stern tables".

The latter are square trays made of heavy wood or stainless metal measuring 50 by 50 cm and sides 4-5 cm high. A hole is made in the center of the feeder for a pole. Tables are raised to the surface with a fishing line. A pond of one hectare will require at least four feed tables. These devices help to reduce the consumption of pelleted feed. At first, food is given in small portions so that the fish get used to the feeders, and at a certain signal (ringing a bell or clapping a hand in the water).

Regularly monitor how the fish eat food. You can estimate the amount of food eaten 40-60 minutes after feeding. Do not give large amounts of food at once. On average, the daily norm of food for carp is 1.5-3% of the estimated weight of all fish in the reservoir, depending on the water temperature (the lower it is, the less food).

A new portion can be added only after the fish have eaten the previous one. Residues of food that the fish have not eaten must be removed from the feeders every 2-3 days in order to avoid pollution of the reservoir. When the oxygen content in the water drops to 2 mg per liter, the usual portion of food should be halved. It is also necessary to reduce the amount of feed during preventive treatment of the reservoir, transplanting and transporting fish: when stressed, their food reaction is inhibited.

Do not save on feed: it should always be fresh (the shelf life of any feed does not exceed six months from the date of manufacture), stored properly (in a dark, dry and well-ventilated area). Compliance with these simple rules will avoid many problems associated with pool pollution, which entails the appearance of various fish diseases.

Features of the fish farming business

If you are not a specialist in the field of fish farming, then it is best to start such a business with a small pond with carps. The optimum water temperature for carps is 20-27°C with an oxygen content of 5-7 mg/l. If the temperature drops to 14°C or lower, then the fish eat less and do not gain weight. At a water temperature of 7°C, carps stop feeding and become inactive. Under favorable conditions, carp weight gain can reach 7-8 grams per day. Sexual maturity occurs at 3-5 years. Carp spawns in spring, laying eggs on vegetation in shallow areas of the reservoir. Fry appear on average in five days.

The production cycle of fish breeding lasts two years. By this age, the weight of one carp is 300-800 grams. And by the age of three, the weight of a male can reach 1-2 kg. The weight gain of carp is greatly influenced by the quality of water, feed, conditions of detention, as well as climate. Carp and other types of fish are best bred in the southern regions of our country.

Fish farming is a profitable business with an average profit margin of 15%. However, it requires a lot of investment. Most of the funds will go to the arrangement of the reservoir (from 3 million rubles in the best case), the purchase of feed (4 kg of feed is required to obtain a carp weight gain of 1 kg) and fry.

Of course, you can grow fish on natural food - the so-called extensive method. But in this case, no more than 0.3-0.4 tons of fish can be obtained from 1 ha, while with additional feeding, the productivity can be up to 1.2 tons per 1 hectare per year. When using a high level of intensive rearing in cages, which involves frequent feeding of fish, high stocking density and the creation of additional conditions for productive breeding in reservoirs (constant aeration and liming of the reservoir), up to 5-6 tons of fish products per hectare can be obtained.

True, in this case, the cost of feed will increase even more. In the high-intensity rearing method, a high-protein nutritious feed is used with a protein content of at least 26-28% and fat - 6-7%. The average price of food for carp is 8-9 rubles per kilogram. High-protein nutritious food will cost twenty percent more.

For growing trout, experts advise using European-made feed at a price of about 0.9-1 euro per kilogram. Although such feed is produced in our country, but so far only a couple of enterprises. However, cheap compound feeds practically do not affect the taste of trout meat, but with such nutrition it has a light color. Domestic consumers are accustomed to the fact that trout meat is red, and special feed additives obtained from krill give it such a bright shade.

It would seem that the high cost of feed for trout makes its breeding economically unprofitable. However, the high cost of feed is offset by their lower consumption and the high cost of meat. If you need to spend about 4 kg of feed per 1 kg of carp weight gain, then in the case of trout, the consumption will be only 1 kg per 1 kg of weight gain. Ultimately, the costs of growing one kilogram of carp and trout are approximately equal - about 35-38 and 40-45 rubles per kilogram in the first and second cases, respectively.

Income and expenses of pond fish farming

When calculating the costs, also take into account the costs of processing all necessary documents. Before building a reservoir, you will need to order its project from a design organization that has a license to carry out such activities, and go through all the approvals, as in the construction of a real estate object, obtain permits from environmental organizations, etc.

The productivity of large fish farms is up to 1000 tons of live fish per year. They make a profit from the sale of fry to small fish farms, the organization of paid fishing and fish processing (canning, smoking, etc.). Small fish farms choose 1-2 main directions. And one of the leading ones is often the organization of fishing

You can't count on a quick payback in this business. The largest demand on the market is for large fish. For carp, the optimal weight is 1.2-1.5 kg, and for trout - about 1 kg. The cycle of growing carp is three years, trout - half a year less. According to experts, the payback period for a small farm is four years.

630 people are studying this business today.

For 30 days, this business was interested in 58465 times.

Profitability calculator for this business