For organizing your own business in the field of animal husbandry, a well-calculated farm business plan is of great importance. Of particular interest are the meat and dairy directions. At the same time, you can organize a small family business in which there will be only about a dozen cows, or plan the organization of a farm for 100 cattle and more. In both cases, you need to start with a clear thoughtful action for each specific project.

The Importance of Individual Business Planning

Before opening any business, you need to carefully think through everything. At the planning stage, it is important to determine the priority tasks on which the success of the private economy directly depends. Creating a business plan for the farm should begin with a definition of the general focus, the format of a particular production.

Based on these indicators, it is necessary to study the market, pricing policy, possible competition, establish preliminary contacts with potential buyers of manufactured products.

Among them, contacts with meat processing enterprises, dairies and leather dressing firms deserve special attention.

Having decided on the direction of activity, it is important to make calculations of the area of \u200b\u200bthe optimal territory for conducting a particular farm, equipment and building materials.

Where to start your business in the countryside

Before organizing a livestock farm, it is important to evaluate your capabilities and the seriousness of your aspirations. In addition, you need to carefully consider the necessary equipment, make a detailed business plan for the breeding of cattle, which includes financial costs, payback time, profit level. It will be useful and necessary to study the basics of the production of meat, dairy products, and technology for raising cattle. Only relying on proven knowledge can you organize an effective business correctly.

From the very beginning, the following steps should be taken:

• choose the right place for the construction of the barn;
• explore the possibility of renting finished premises;
• purchase the necessary equipment;
• to ensure that indoor wintering temperatures are not lower than 12 degrees Celsius;
• take care of the availability of the nearest summer pastures for livestock;
• form a productive herd;
• it is better to start with a small farm with a maximum of 50 goals, and then expand the scope of the business;
• a small dairy with a packaging line will become an important part of the dairy farm, whose business plan is focused on processing its own products.

Actions and means for creating your own livestock business

To start a business, you can rent a finished cowshed and adjacent land. This will require a certain starting capital. To help a novice entrepreneur in organizing a farm for 50 head of cattle can the state program of soft loans.

After this, entrepreneurship should be registered as a legal entity, open personal accounts to pay for communications. Before starting the work of cowsheds, it is necessary to pass a check of firefighters, sanitary-epidemiological service, veterinarians.

The economic activity of any enterprise is associated with financial statements, therefore, the livestock complex with a business development plan requires the work of a qualified accountant. In addition, an efficiently operating farm that seeks to expand sales markets provides constant veterinary control. This facilitates the sale of meat and dairy products.

Productive production is impossible without the right equipment. You will need a tractor with interchangeable attachments, cars that will deliver cattle farm products to sales outlets. In addition, it is impossible to do without a sufficient number of agricultural tools, cans, milking machines.

Company registration, livestock breeding technology

It is necessary to register “LLC” or “IP” depending on the planned volumes of production of meat and dairy products. For this, an individual entrepreneur will need a photocopy of the passport, an identification code, a statement certified by a notary public, a receipt on payment of state duty. In addition, you must provide the necessary OKVED codes ( 01.2 - livestock).

After deciding to breed cattle, it is important to choose the most profitable form of taxation. At the moment, you can work on a simplified scheme (USN - 6% of gross income).

A successful business plan for cattle, which forms the basis of an individual farm, is better oriented at the same time to dairy and meat products. It should be borne in mind that each of these areas has its own unique features. Before opening a dairy farm, the optimal solution would be to establish interaction with the nearest dairies. This will help ensure the continued marketing of fresh produce. Over time, in order to expand the business, in addition to the dairy and meat sectors, it is possible to simultaneously develop the production of hides and wool.

The specifics of growing cattle for meat

Before registering a livestock business, you need to study the characteristics of the market in a particular region, the average prices of meat and milk. It is important to calculate the necessary costs. After that, based on the information received, you can try to predict the income of a particular farm.

The cultivation of cattle for meat has its own specifics. It should be borne in mind that the organization of carcass cutting and the manufacture of semi-finished products require obtaining permits for the sanitary-epidemiological service, veterinary service, Rospotrebnadzor, and state fire control.

On the other hand, it is not necessary to provide such papers for the opening of an economy focused on the sale of bulls, cows, calves with live weight. Although this is an easier way to start a business, it is less profitable. Thus, opening your own business in animal husbandry, it is important to consider all the nuances.

Dairy Profitability Planning

A breeding plan for dairy cows also needs to be linked to profitability. Revenues from this business are determined by such factors as the productivity of the whole herd, production costs, and purchase prices for milk.

A dairy farm business plan can only be built with specific data in mind. For example, the profitability of this type of farm for 50 animals can be calculated as follows.

The average cow gives 5000 liters of milk per year. Thus, from a whole herd under favorable conditions, 250,000 liters can be expected. Wholesale price is within 20 rubles per liter.

To increase economic efficiency, it is possible to equip processing industry, which will increase the added value of products by 40-50%. For the year, in this case, it will turn out about 6250000 rubles. Subtracting the necessary current expenses from this amount, you can get the value of net profit for the year and month, as well as calculate the payback time. For this, the investment amount is divided by monthly profit.

You can familiarize yourself with the planning of two livestock breeding areas in more detail in the articles and.

Rent, repair, wages of employees

The calculated costs for rent, disinfection and repair of production, office, utility rooms constitute an obligatory expenditure part of the enterprise budget. A large-scale business requires full staff, but a small farm will require the hiring of certain people.

Livestock can rightfully be considered one of the oldest crafts of human society. Thanks to animal husbandry, a primitive population also survived. A lot of time has passed, but nothing has changed. Meat is still considered an indicator of wealth, abundance and luxury. For these and many other reasons, animal husbandry is an attractive way to start your own business. In order to succeed, it is imperative to draw up a livestock business plan.

The livestock business involves not only meat, but also dairy products. The production of meat and dairy products is a very popular area of \u200b\u200bthe agricultural business. Meat and dairy products have always been in great demand among the general population. A business plan should take into account all possible costs, include an algorithm of actions, all possible risks.

The traditional livestock industry is the breeding of cattle, piglets and birds. Due to the decrease in the number of farms, the demand and price of livestock products (meat, dairy products) is increasing, which allows you to boldly infiltrate this area of \u200b\u200bactivity. If we look at the statistics, we can take into account, for example, the cost of one pig in 2005. You may notice that if then it cost about 500 rubles, now its price will exceed 800 rubles.

Having made the correct calculations, we can come to the conclusion about the profitability of this case.

Starting a business

It is obligatory to register this entrepreneurial activity. involves individual entrepreneurial activity with a private form of ownership.

The number of livestock for breeding a business should ideally be 250-350 units. For breeding and growth of the farm of the total number of goals, about 120 must be females. If the rest of the goals are put up for sale, this will allow you to quickly recover the money spent. When buying livestock, several factors must be considered. So, when choosing a male, his pedigree to the third generation plays an important role. If you adhere to this advice, then your business will only flourish.

A lot of money will have to be spent on the purchase of livestock feed. The average number of animals per year will require at least 500 tons of feed. Breeding livestock for sale, it will be more rational to stock up on special mixtures that contribute to the rapid growth and weight gain of livestock. It is worth remembering that for best results and the health of livestock, it is necessary to periodically include in the diet of animals special fortified feeding. This also requires some money.

In addition to buying livestock and feed, it will require special sheds and pens. All these costs, so necessary at the initial level of starting a business, will cost about 4-5 million rubles.

If you are ready to invest these funds in opening your business, your farm will pay for itself in 3-4 years of its activity.

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Equipment and livestock sales

Before equipping a livestock breeding facility, it is necessary to determine where it will be located. To do this, you can purchase some inexpensive farm or rent it. The room must be well repaired, disinfected, livestock drinkers must be replaced or cleaned.

Be sure to allocate for females a special separate room that will serve as their mother room. The room should take into account some points. It must be well ventilated, the temperature must be stable. This room should provide the best care for mother and offspring.

Young cattle can also be sold live weight. By the way, such cattle costs a lot of money. But already adult cattle can be resold to customers involved in the production of meat and dairy products.

In the livestock business, as in any other, advertising plays a large role. Visiting various exhibitions will allow you to find your regular customer. Cattle for these events must choose the healthiest and most beautiful, and then the success of your business will be ensured.

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Determine the choice of cattle

Livestock farming includes not only breeding cows and pigs. Sheep, goats, sheep, and even camels are also suitable for sale and breeding.

Before deciding on the content of livestock, you need to determine for yourself the goals that you want to achieve, and the audience that your products will focus on. So, for example, in Muslim villages and cities, the decision to raise pigs will not be very rational.

If you want to establish contact directly with dairy plants, it would be wiser to breed cows and goats. In the face of the dairy plant you have the opportunity to find your regular customer. The main thing is to remember that products must be at the highest level, their quality must not be inferior to other manufacturers.

Sales of products can be carried out independently - through outlets. To sell products of livestock farming yourself or to sell goods through intermediaries is up to you.

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Financial settlements and attracting investors

So, as mentioned above, a mandatory item in the organization of the livestock business is the purchase of equipment and the arrangement of the premises. This procedure requires a considerable investment. To start a business, the area of \u200b\u200bcorrals can be about 150 square meters. It will be enough for a beginner to breed up to 200 cattle. It will be much more difficult to cope with a large number of goals, but a smaller number will pay for itself for a long time.

A very important point in opening a livestock business is the selection and hiring of personnel. At the initial stage of activity, at least six different specialists will be enough. Be sure to attend a veterinarian, livestock specialist and other handymen. Managing staff may also be required.

It is worthwhile to include funds in the business plan for the payment of taxes, utilities, the acquisition of all necessary permits. Do not forget about the wages of working personnel. As a rule, the amount for the payment of labor is one third of all the funds necessary to start a business.

The state itself can become an investor in your business. Now the state pays great attention to the development of agricultural activities. The success of your business will depend on how competently and correctly your business plan is drawn up, you can easily get a loan, and maybe even irrevocable subsidies. Then the question of financing will stop worrying you.

Livestock breeding is one of the most promising sectors of the agricultural business, which makes good profit even during a crisis. Of course, such an activity will require you to make certain financial investments for the purchase of feed and keeping animals, but they all pay off in the shortest possible time. With a competent approach, animal husbandry as a business from scratch in just a few years can make you a rich, financially independent person. How to organize a small farm, we will tell you in this article.

Where to begin?

It develops due to the following important factors:

• Government programs aimed at supporting domestic producers;
• Food price increase;
• The products that farms produce belong to the category of essential goods;
• A wide selection of different activities.

Based on this, it can be said that small business livestock breeding is a promising and quite profitable activity, which with certain financial investments can bring a good stable income.

The novice farmer must resolve the following important issues:

1. Choose a direction of activity;
2. Develop a competent business plan;
3. To purchase livestock and equipment;
4. Formally formalize their activities;
5. Seek financial support from the state.

The organization of any business is associated with certain difficulties. It is best to start your own business in the direction with which you are familiar and to which your soul lies. It is advisable to choose an idea that will allow you to quickly get results with small financial investments. When you learn in practice the technology for producing livestock products, you can move on to a larger scale.

Livestock Types

1. Pig production:
2. Poultry farming;
3. Breeding cattle;
4. Sheep breeding;
5. Breeding rabbits;
6. Beekeeping;
7. Horse breeding;
8. Fish farming;
9. Fur farming.

The most profitable business in livestock breeding is cattle breeding. Farmers engaged in such activities provide the population with milk and meat. No less profitable type of activity - poultry farming. The absence of any difficulties in breeding poultry and the high demand for products allow entrepreneurs to receive a stable high income. Another rapidly developing type of farming is pig farming. Such a business brings good income, but to achieve good results, you will have to spend a lot of effort and money.

The most sustainable option is a large farm with diverse specializations. To create such an economy from scratch is almost impossible, but if you draw up a competent business plan for the development of livestock production and strictly adhere to all of its points, you can start small and achieve great success. Your main goal at the start is to get the first profit, which may appear in 6 months or 2 years. It all depends on what kind of livestock breeding idea you have chosen to start your activity.

In order for small-scale livestock breeding to bring tangible profits, it is necessary to develop it to a certain extent. For example, if you organize a small cattle breeding farm of 20–30 heads, it is unlikely to please you with a high income. It is necessary to constantly increase the number of livestock, buy equipment and hire employees in order to reach 100 goals at least a year later.

If you do not have experience in this area, do not immediately invest a lot of money in organizing a farm. Start small, for example, with 5 bulls. This will allow you to understand whether it is worth doing this business in the future.

What is profitable to grow for sale?

Now let's talk about what types of animal husbandry bring the greatest profit:

• Rabbits. For beginners who have no experience in keeping and caring for animals, it is best to start their activity with breeding rabbits. The main advantage of these animals is their early maturity. For 30 days, their weight increases 12 times. This is a fairly profitable and useful business. Having only 4-5 females on the farm, you can get 200 rabbit skins and about 300 kg of quality meat per year;
• Nutria. This business idea of \u200b\u200banimal husbandry, with a competent approach, can bring a decent profit. One carcass of nutria weighing 5 kg costs $ 25. If you organize the process correctly, one family will give you $ 350 worth of meat each month. In order to get the skins of nutria, you need to keep 9-10 months;
• Goats. These pets are bred to get fluff and healthy nutritious milk. This is one of the most profitable types of animal husbandry, which opens up broad development prospects for beginners;
• Turkeys. Despite the difficulties involved in breeding and keeping turkeys, this poultry brings excellent income to farmers. All initial investments pay off in 8–10 months. By this time, the adult reaches a weight of 20–25 kg. The demand for high-quality dietary turkey meat does not fall in any economic conditions, therefore, usually there are no problems with the sale of finished products;
• Pig breeding. Pigs are precocious animals. If you provide them with proper care and high-quality feed, by 6 months the animal reaches a weight of 100 kg. One sow can produce offspring 1-2 times a year, respectively, in addition to selling meat, you can additionally earn good money on the sale of dairy pigs;
• Gobies. Beef never falls in price, so raising bulls for meat can be safely called one of the most profitable business ideas in the field of animal husbandry. With quality care and proper nutrition, after 1.5 years, animals gain weight 300-350 kg.

Stern

The biggest expense item for a beginner farmer is the purchase of feed. Poor-quality products can cause irreparable harm to animals, so experts recommend not saving on feed. It is advisable to purchase them in bulk from a manufacturer with a good reputation and extensive experience in this field. In addition to hay and grain, you must also purchase special feed additives that contribute to the rapid weight gain.

Finished product sales channels

Since the main types of livestock products are always in demand in the market, usually there are no problems with their sales. Novice farmers sell meat, milk, eggs and other products in the markets or sell them through small shops.

Large farms usually enter into cooperation agreements with retail chains or companies that process livestock products. Some open their own processing enterprises. Thanks to this, they increase many times the profitability of their business.

How much can you earn?

These are extremely prolific animals that give 10 litters per 1 year. Each rabbit brings about 6 cubs at a time. If you keep 100 females, you can get 6 thousand young animals from them. The average carcass weight before slaughter is 2–2.2 kg. If you grow and slaughter all the young rabbits, you get 12 tons of meat. Finished products can be sold at 180-190 rubles per 1 kg, respectively, the annual income will be 2 million 280 thousand rubles. If we take away the costs of feed, animal welfare, employee salaries and transportation costs, 1 million 140 thousand rubles will remain.

To reduce costs, you can vaccinate rabbits yourself, grow feed for them on your own land, and also take care of the animals yourself, without involving hired workers. Rabbit breeding is not the most profitable business in animal husbandry, but despite this, many novice farmers are involved in this business, since it brings a good stable income.

If we talk about cattle breeding, this is a fairly profitable area, but it will require large investments from you. You should not expect a quick payback from the meat direction, as the calves gain the necessary weight at the age of 15-18 months. This means that you will get your first profit in about 1.5 years. The dairy direction makes profit faster, but milk is much cheaper than meat, so the initial investment pays off for a long time.

Livestock farming is a rather risky activity. Beginner farmers may face diseases and epidemics that lead to the death of all livestock. The profitability of such a business largely depends on the choice of activity and your attitude to your business. If you are able to prevent all risks and take into account important points, the farm will bring excellent profits.

Cattle breeding is an industry that has always been very widespread in our country, giving work to almost the majority of the population in rural areas. Unfortunately, in recent years, animal husbandry has become far less attractive. We will try to prove that beef cattle breeding, the business plan of which will be considered in the article, is a profitable business.

Foreign experts believe that for at least some interest of the head of the economy in its development, profitability should be at least 25%. However, after 2008, the situation in our livestock production has become somewhat better, which is associated with the introduction of a support program for domestic producers. One of its points is the support of farmers who restore abandoned livestock buildings.

It is not surprising that this industry begins to attract not only domestic, but also foreign investors every year. However, many problems are quite relevant to this day. Particularly hard hit manufacturers can afford the lack of normal support from engineering. This leads to an extreme degree of deterioration of fixed assets.

Beef and dairy cattle

If you ask the same American or European about what kind of meat he mainly eats, he will probably tell you about beef. In our country, for the most part, old and sick dairy cows are sent for meat. As a result, beef cattle breeding (a business plan for which it is not so difficult to draw up) is in disgrace.

As a result, consumers in our country have a completely erroneous opinion that beef is second-rate meat. This is due to the fact that meat products are obtained from culled dairy stock.

The taste characteristics of such meat are extremely low. It is difficult to heat treat, too hard, and also poorly absorbed by the human body. So the prospects for the development of cattle breeding in order to produce high-quality and tasty products in Russia are very high.

It follows that if you want to engage in beef cattle breeding, you will have to purchase specialized cattle breeds that are characterized by early maturity and a high slaughter yield.

Accordingly, to get a large amount of milk, you will have to look for thoroughbred dairy cows. Remember that universal breeds do not exist. We will consider mainly beef cattle breeding. It is much more difficult to make a business plan for a milk production enterprise, and it takes a lot of money.

Characteristics and composition of cattle meat

Its composition depends not only on age and gender, but also on livestock. So, the amount of muscle tissue proper in the carcass ranges from 42 to 68%, the fat contains from 9 to 30%, the amount of bone tissue can reach 20%. The tenderness of meat depends on the amount of connective tissue fascia in the muscles. As you can guess, in meat animals this indicator is minimal, while in dairy animals, up to 15% of connective tissue can be in the muscle.

In the best and most expensive meat products, the ratio of protein to fat is 1: 1-1: 0.7 (protein - 21%, fat - 18%).

The amount of muscle mass obtained by fattening depends on many factors. So, in limousines (French cattle) and charolais in the carcass can contain up to 65% of pure meat! Thus, beef cattle breeding, the business plan of which we are considering, can be extremely cost-effective.

Milk characteristics

In specialized breeds, the fat content in milk may exceed 5.5% (Jersey cows). The product has a lot of protein, micro and macro elements, as well as vitamins. It is much more profitable to produce cheeses and butter from this raw material, since it takes a lot less.

A little bit about feeding meat breeds of cattle

You need to know that meat bulls in fattening should contain at least 75% of plant products in feed, while the specific amount of concentrates cannot exceed 25%. Otherwise, the level of fat in meat rises sharply, and its taste is greatly deteriorated.

The sex of animals also greatly affects the performance and speed of fattening. For example, castrated gobies by 18 months overtake heifers by weight by 20%, and their "courageous" counterparts - by 10%.

You think you don’t need to know all these numbers? In vain, since all this must be taken into account when organizing feeding and picking herds. Only if you take into account all the little things, beef cattle breeding will bring you tangible profits.

After all of the above, we can conclude that most of all we are directly interested in the meat productivity of livestock. It is estimated by the growth rate, meat yield and feed costs per kilogram of final products.

Feeding Methods

As for the content, they distinguish between a tethered and a free method of growing. In recent years, the free growing method has become extremely popular, in which animals are kept in fenced pens on a deep litter, which changes only after the next batch of animals is sent for slaughter or another stage of fattening. This makes beef cattle farming very profitable in terms of minimizing labor costs.

Bulls are rarely kept on a leash: in this case, not only a specialized room with automated manure removal is required, but also quite reliable leashes. In addition, each animal has to be detached and attached manually, which is very laborious and dangerous.

The advantage of the method is an individual approach to livestock, as well as a 100% guarantee of the reliability of veterinary treatments. You don’t have to spend a lot of time on corral animals, and they get an order of magnitude less stress when injected with a vaccine or vitamins.

Dairy Cattle Maintenance Methods

In general, they are exactly the same. The stereotype that a dairy farm is necessarily a tethered content has steadily entrenched in the mass consciousness. But in recent years, the loose version has been used much more often. Despite some inconveniences (which we talked about above), it provides high productivity and the best physical condition of animals. Thus, meat and dairy cattle breeding in many aspects is quite similar.

What determines the cost of cattle feeding?

Most of the expenses are spent on feed. If it takes up to 50-60% when receiving milk, then in meat cattle breeding they have to spend at least 70% of the funds that were laid down even at the stage of writing the business plan.

Many farms find themselves in a situation where the cost of hay and root crops is constantly growing. Naturally, this also increases the cost of the resulting beef.

It is not surprising that in terms of meat export we lose by head to Argentina or Brazil: there livestock are kept on pastures year-round, which reduces the total cost of raising and feeding them by 30%.

In addition, you should not even compare climatic conditions. In general, modern cattle breeding in developed countries is thoroughly subsidized, supported by the state at all levels.

Space requirements

All premises in which you plan to keep cattle for fattening or dairy cows must meet the requirements for livestock complexes. Location - not less than a kilometer from residential buildings. Farms without fail are equipped with manure removal systems, storage facilities for slurry. On the territory should be equipped with a place for burning dead animals. Each building needs access for transport.

What equipment do you need to purchase?

It all depends on the direction of your economy. In this connection, we strongly advise you at first to engage in beef cattle breeding, since the costs will be much less. Judge for yourself.

For the fattening complex, it will be necessary to purchase manure removal systems, lighting devices, iron for the construction of corrals. Feeders and drinkers will also be required. Total costs are unlikely to exceed three to four million rubles.

But in the case of dairy farms, you need to buy equipment for milking, milk pipelines, tanks for cooling and mixing milk.

Conclude agreements with manufacturers on the maintenance of all equipment. In addition, the same conveyors for manure, drinking bowls and feeders are needed. So the organization of cattle breeding of this kind will easily “eat” 40-50 million rubles.

Staff

It will require handymen, livestock specialists and veterinarians, machine operators and animal feeding specialists. The cost of their wages depends on your region and the wage index in it.

What documents will be required?

Oddly enough, but their list is relatively modest:

• Passport.
• A statement to the administration of the MO on the opening of a feed mill.
• Certificate of registration of IP or LLC.
• Permission from the local architecture department.
• Fully completed business plan.
• Permission from SES, fire inspection and Rospotrebnadzor.
• Permission from the MO administration.

So is it profitable to engage in cattle breeding? Definitely yes!

A farm is a business aimed at growing products of plant growing or animal husbandry and their further implementation. This is a popular type of production, attractive for its accessibility for private entrepreneurs.

The industry has a high level of competition and faces significant risks. Given that a large part of the market has already been captured, first of all, it is worth taking care of the product distribution channels. A good, but costly solution is to open your own store for direct deliveries and sales of goods.

The development of farming as a small business is strongly encouraged by the state through financial support and simplification of the system for obtaining all the necessary decisions.

Drawing up a competent business plan and conscious production management can make farming a profitable business for an entrepreneur who is not afraid to take risks in such an ambiguous niche.

The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating your own farm

Creating your own farm is a type of business accessible to everyone. Even the lack of initial capital will not be a problem: with a well-designed business plan, it is quite possible to take out a loan at a favorable interest or even find a good sponsor interested in a quality product.

Economists consider farming a cost-effective form of small business. But, in connection with the technological progress of recent decades, some of these farms have closed, giving way to the established monopolists in the form of distributors of genetically modified products. The existence of great competition in this industry discourages many inexperienced entrepreneurs. Despite this, a natural quality product will always find its buyer.

There are several possible industries for developing a farm:

• Plant growing.

1. cereals;
2. fruit;
3. vegetables;
4. greens.

• Livestock:

1. cattle breeding;
2. poultry farming;
3. fish farming;
4. beekeeping.

It is not necessary to choose one specific direction. Many industries coexist perfectly in the complex. Thus, livestock products can become fertilizer for plants, and plants can become livestock feed. It all depends on the size of the territory and the initial capital of the founder of the farm.

Business Plan Development

Having decided on the niche of your production, it is time to create a business plan. The planning stage is the foundation of future income: it allows you to evaluate the prospects of the business, calculate the necessary costs and payback, and prevent possible risks.

The development of a business plan includes:

1. A summary, which describes the very idea of \u200b\u200bopening a farm, selects a niche and sets clear production goals.
2. Studying a competitive market and product demand.
3. Description of production infrastructure, area and assets.
4. Sources or availability of seed capital.
5. Summary of financial expenses.
6. Sales channels.
7. Profitability calculation and plans for further development.
8. Risk assessment.

As far as risk assessment is concerned, there are many possible force majeure events in the farm. These can be sudden disasters, epidemics, problems with weather conditions or insects. You must always be prepared for unplanned spending, saving part of the funds received in the appropriate fund.

Some novice entrepreneurs seek to make their business plan the most optimistic and evaluate possible production only in ideal utopian conditions. The content of the business plan should be reliable, and the calculations can be made immediately in two versions: optimistic (normal average conditions) and pessimistic (fulfillment of possible risks and termination of financing). In the current unstable economy, it is necessary to use the most current prices.

Obtaining the territory for the farm and collecting the necessary documents

In contrast to the personal subsidiary plots, the KPH (large subsidiary plots) has a number of privileges for selling products, but for this it is subject to mandatory control by the sanitary and epidemiological services.

The opening of its own CPC begins with the selection of the territory for production. There are several criteria for a suitable location:

• convenient road junction;
• proximity to the place of sale (city, warehouse, etc.);
• ecological clean area.

Citizens of Russia have the right to receive farm allotment free of charge upon expressing a desire to engage in agriculture. To do this, you must submit an appropriate application to the local government.

Depending on the chosen direction, additional conditions will be required: large fields in the vicinity for cattle breeding, a pond for waterfowl or the presence of peduncles for bees.

To officially obtain the status of a farm with the possibility of selling products, you must go through the following steps:

1. Payment of state duty in governing bodies.
2. Certification of the application for registration with a notary.
3. Submission of documents to the tax authority.
4. Collection of registration documents.
5. Registration in the respective funds.
6. Obtaining statistics codes in the state statistics service.
7. Opening a current account.

In the process of registration at different stages the following documents will be needed:

• passport (original document and several notarized copies);
• documents confirming registration as an individual entrepreneur or LLC (application for state registration, receipt of payment of state duty tax, etc.).
• application for state registration of a farm in accordance with form No. P21002;
• permission of fire, sanitary and other services depending on the chosen niche.

Facilities management and staff recruitment

After the long preparatory stages of planning, choosing the territory and registering the farm, it is time to begin the immediate arrangement of the place.

The farm includes:

1. Household facilities;
2. Land reclamation facilities;
3. Agricultural machinery and equipment;
4. Means of transport;
5. Farm equipment.

Depending on the selected niches, different preparation will be required.

• Cattle.  Cattle breeding will require feed supply units, dispensers, manure harvesters, and breast pumps. Hiring a butcher and building a slaughterhouse will become mandatory. It is advisable to purchase specialized vehicles for the transport of products.
• Beekeeping.It is necessary to build a winter greenhouse for bees. Providing them with enough hives. In the absence of peduncles nearby - planting fields. The purchase of overalls and equipment for working with bees.

• Poultry farming.  It will require the construction of a poultry house, perches, a walking area, additional heating to maintain a constant temperature and an increase in egg laying of laying hens.
• Plant growing.It is necessary to purchase various vehicles and equipment for sowing, watering and harvesting. Will require a granary.

Almost any livestock farming will require the construction of warehouses equipped with a refrigerator system.

In parallel with the equipment of the territory of the farm, there should be a search, selection and hiring of personnel.

On any type of KPH, you will need:

• manager;
• accountant;
• veterinarian;
• technician;
• specialized workers;
• drivers.

The number of personnel depends on both the type of production and its volume. For example, beekeeping will require almost 10 times more people to service hives than to service a similar volume of chicken eggs.

The core of any livestock industry will be the hiring of a competent and educated livestock specialist, under whose guidance production processes will be ensured.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of a veterinarian. He not only monitors the health of animals, but also monitors vaccination, maintains accountability with the relevant services and is directly involved in the emergence of new animals (takes birth or participates in the purchase of a new livestock).

The purchase of animals or plants, as well as the necessary feed, becomes the last stage in arranging one's own farm. For these purposes, only trusted suppliers with all the necessary documents and permits are suitable.

Animal welfare and sanitary-epidemiological surveillance

Good conditions are the basis for successful business dealing with farming in any direction. If in the case of plant growing, we are talking about storing the finished product for its further transportation and sale, then animal husbandry involves a more scrupulous approach to the issue of maintenance.

First of all, their growth and, as a result, productivity (the amount of milk, meat or wool for cattle, eggs for chickens, honey for bees or down for rabbits) depends on the living conditions of animals. The second important factor that is directly dependent on the conditions of detention is the reproductive function of livestock. The better the animals feel, the healthier they are and, accordingly, the more and more often the farmer’s population increases.

In addition, nutrition, microclimatic conditions and care have a direct impact on the well-being of each animal.

Cattle feeding should be as balanced as possible. At the moment, there are two types of feed: dry and wet. Most farms prefer the former. This is not only more profitable from a financial point of view, but also due to sanitary standards. A herd of 300 animals will require about 35 tons of feed.

In addition to the main meal, multivitamin complexes and additives are mandatory in the livestock diet.

Equally important is the continued access to clean drinking water. Particular attention should be given to pregnant and sick individuals.

In addition to feeding, some animal species require a certain microclimate. In a room specially equipped under the shed, not only a comfortable temperature should be maintained, but also an appropriate indicator of air humidity.

The shed must be isolated from drafts, but provide good air circulation.

Do not forget about lighting. So, for example, for high productivity of chickens, a long daylight hours are needed, but too much lighting can become stress for laying hens and have the opposite effect. Likewise, a loud noise may cause a drop in egg production.

For farms of any direction, close sanitary and epidemiological control is carried out.

• Preventive control.It is carried out at the stage of registration of the farm. The compliance of the territory and equipment with the relevant standards is determined. The technological process, rules for personnel, future conditions for keeping animals, etc. are approved. The conclusion of preventive control will be obtaining permission.
• Current control.It is already carried out in the direct production process through scheduled and unscheduled inspections. Finding any violations may threaten administrative responsibility or even a temporary suspension of production processes and product sales for a period until the farm corrects its mistakes.

Sales channels

The sale of finished products is the main stage of farming, on which all profits depend. The most favorable development of the event will be the conclusion of a contract for the supply of products for a large network. Depending on the chosen niche and form of production (IP or LLC), it is possible to use various wholesale and retail distribution channels.

The main ways of selling products can be:

• weekend fairs;
• market;
• own retail store;
• non-network partner stores;
• resellers;
• public catering.

As additional distribution channels, it is worth considering the participation of the economy in seasonal exhibitions, state tenders, membership in the agricultural consumer cooperative.

In addition to standard distribution channels, do not forget about technological progress. At the moment, there are several large platforms on the Internet for selling agricultural products directly to customers. These can be both small retail orders and large wholesale ones on an ongoing basis.

Calculation of financial indicators

The financial calculations of the farm depend on many factors: coverage of industries, size and type of production, equipment used and seed capital. The approximate cost of starting a project on a herd of 40 goals will be 3 million rubles, which includes:

1. The acquisition of the territory - 100 000 rubles.
2. The cost of construction materials is 120,000 rubles.
3. The acquisition of vehicles and equipment - 1 000 000 rubles.
4. Purchase of young animals - 600 000 rubles.
5. Summing up communications - 100,000 rubles.
6. Feed purchase for the first six months - 450,000 rubles.
7. The salary costs of employees for the first six months are 300,000 rubles.
8. Insurance contributions (30%) - 90 000 rubles.
9. Other expenses - 200,000 rubles.

Entrepreneurs who have linked their business with farming can expect to reduce the cost of state contributions by switching to a single agricultural tax.

According to experienced farmers, the main cost per year is feed (up to 40%). That is, by increasing start-up costs for the parallel development of crop production and creating your own feed source, it is possible to achieve a higher profitability of the business.

Having calculated the economic indicators of the project with the successful implementation of the products, we can talk about a profitability of 35% and a project payback of 3 years.