Startup Development Stages

Development.  At this stage, the actual idea for the business appears, the implementation plan is being worked out, sources of financing and other work are being searched. An important activity is market research, identification of competitors. If the startup is technologically advanced, at this stage it is imperative to patent the know-how, analyze substitute inventions, and so on. Launch. At this stage, the first clients appear in the stratap. This means that there is a development of doing business in real conditions. The launch stage is the most critical for a startup, since poor-quality service to the first customers and the provision of low-quality goods to them will lead to further impossibility of business development. The success of this stage is based on the quality of project planning during its development. Expansion.  At this stage, the startup’s idea is being developed, sales are increased, main profit is earned, it is invested in further capacity growth, and so on. Exit.  Startup involves closing or exiting a project. There are two options for closing, as was written above: selling a company or selling a franchise. Based on the results of leaving the startup, the project’s effectiveness (the ratio of investments to achieved results) is evaluated.

Who is a startup

Favorable startup ideas for a business from scratch

Interesting ideas with minimal investment

New ideas - Internet startups

American social startups

Agriculture Startup Ideas

Existing startup options in the agricultural industry include the use of new telecommunication technologies. For example, not so long ago a device appeared to monitor the state of the soil, and it is possible to obtain information from it remotely. As a result, a farmer or agricultural enterprise always clearly understands what condition his land is and what measures need to be taken to increase its fertility. An interesting idea is also a cattle accounting service. Most of the people living in the village are aware of cattle loss. The presence of special transmitters and an application with which you can track the movement of livestock minimizes the risk of losses and maintain the number of livestock. Successful startups include various kinds of assistants to specialists. For example, a device for selecting drugs for treating and increasing plant yields. Or a device for determining the composition of the soil and selecting the optimal crops for growing on it. Thus, despite the fact that agriculture is a very conservative industry, there is a place for modern technologies in it.

How to come up with a startup idea and implement it

Analyze and articulate your skills and strengths, think about what you would like to do. The second step is to determine which business is very inspiring, what the entrepreneur is willing to do with full dedication and what he is ready to devote as much as possible to his working time. The next step is to find a problem that exists but not yet resolved in the area where its strengths were discovered. At first glance it may seem (especially to people with low self-esteem) that nobody needs their skills, but this is not so. You need to think, look at problems from a different angle, show your own creative abilities and come up with an idea for a startup that has not yet been implemented. The fourth step is to build a prototype of the product, make a prototype and test it. If he really solves the problem, then you can continue to do this business, otherwise, you need to look for a new solution to the problem. The fifth and final step is the launch of the project, its implementation. Performance check is the presence of revenue and profits from the sale of project products. If the results are positive, there is profit, then we can talk about a successful startup. If the first time did not work, you will have to try again.

The most successful startup ideas in the world

Top startups in the USA

Popular startups in Russia

Example of unsuccessful startups

Startups have long been one of the main driving forces of the modern economy. The number of successfully implemented ideas indicates the attractiveness of the state’s business climate. It’s no secret that most major startups originate in the United States, but there are a number of successful companies that have seen the light in Europe and China. Let's talk about them in more detail.

JAWBONE ($ 3.5 billion)

JAWBONE is a manufacturer of headphones and wireless speakers for smartphones. They are bought by both lovers of quality music and athletes for whom mobility is important. It is interesting to note that initially the company’s specialists worked for the government, developing technologies for the military. Over time, they came in handy for a wide consumer market.

UBER ($ 3.7 billion)

UBER service is a taxi search system that works in most major US cities. In total, the startup attracted about $ 500 million. Today, experts estimate the company at $ 3.7 billion. The price is justified, given that on good days the company earns about $ 3 million.

PINTEREST ($ 4 billion)

PINTEREST is a new type of social Internet service. It is based on pictures and photos shared by users, dumped to each other on the wall, discuss and comment. The first investments came to the company in 2012, it was an amount of $ 100 million. The next tranche in 2013 is $ 230 million. At that moment, the estimated value of the company grew 2 times.

SPOTIFY ($ 4.1 billion)

Considering the best startups, one can not help but recall the notorious European company - the Spotify music service. The total audience of the service is 30 million people, each 5 of whom use paid services. Many well-known personalities and corporations have invested in the company, including even Coca-Cola.

SPACEX ($ 4.9 billion)

The risky project SpaceX was not widely popular among investors. They invested only $ 100 million in the startup, but this did not stop its creator, Elon Mask, from succeeding in the field of space exploration. The main goal of the project is to transfer space research exclusively to commercial financing, directing the money of American taxpayers to other, more urgent programs.

ZALANDO ($ 5 billion)

The German startup Zalando sells clothes over the Internet in more than 15 countries around the world. Initially, the company offered only shoes, but today customers can even get magazines with a detailed description of the goods. It is noteworthy that only $ 50 million was invested in Zalando, while its estimated value increased 100 times.

JINGDONG ($ 7.5 billion)

Jingdong Online Store is China's largest online service by annual turnover. You can find absolutely any product there, which is why it is compared with the American Amazon. This is one of the best startups in the world, although he is already over 10 years old.

PALANTIR ($ 9.5 billion)

An ambiguous startup that causes a lot of controversy. PALANTIR technology allows US intelligence agencies to monitor the population by filtering various streams of information. In any case, the project has already raised more than $ 500 million.

Do not miss:

DROPBOX ($ 10.2 billion)

The DROPBOX cloud storage service is used by more than 205 million people worldwide. The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a service arose at a time when the classical methods of transmitting data via the Internet (email, instant messengers) could no longer cope with large files. As a result, DROPBOX was created, which allows not only sending, but also storing data. Today, there are many cloud services, but DROPBOX rightfully takes a leading position.

XIAOMI ($ 10.5 billion)

The international publishing project of the Rossiyskaya Gazeta Russia Beyond The Headlines (RBTH) amounted to the TOP-50 of the most ambitious Russian startups for 2015. This year young Russian companies with development potential abroad are represented in the ranking.

RBTH has been ranking new startups since 2012. The main goal of the project is to inform foreign investors and consumers about the potential and services of Russian technology companies. Traditionally, the rating includes companies that would like to enter or are already entering foreign markets, and startups with Russian participation abroad.

The startups presented in the rating were selected according to the following criteria: the interest of foreign investors, the uniqueness of the idea, the demand of foreign consumers for the products and services offered, the potential for commercialization, as well as social significance, that is, the desire to improve people's lives through technology. TOP-50 was composed of more than 200 Russian startups that met the requirements of the authors of the project.

The rating includes Russian-Ukrainian startup 2for1, aimed at the US market. The project was founded by businessman Alexei Romanenko, who lives in San Francisco. 2for1 is a service that combines the best deals from the 15 most visited online stores in the US and Europe.

The application is designed for middle-class and fashionable women who will be able to see products selected by the service with discounts of more than 50%. At the same time, 2for1 does not position itself as a retailer, calling itself a “filter” for customers.

Another participant in the ranking was the technological project “3D Bioprinting Solutions”, which was founded by the chairman of the board, the director of INVITRO Group of Companies Alexander Ostrovsky and biologist Yousef Hesuani. The project is a biotechnological research laboratory that explores the topic of three-dimensional organ bioprinting and creates its own products.

For example, 3D Bioprinting Solutions created the first Russian 3D bioprinter FABION - a hardware-software complex designed for printing living functional three-dimensional tissue and organ constructs.

An environmental project invites users around the world to monitor air quality in their region of interest. A startup called AeroState uses the simple Web API technology for this - an application programming interface.

The rating included the AstroDigital project - a platform for access to satellite data, which provides quick and convenient search, as well as the integration of satellite photos on the Internet and mobile applications.

Another participant in the rating is a service for yachtsmen or those who wish to join this culture. In other words, with the help of the Anchor.Travel portal, anyone can rent a boat, boat or yacht, as well as offer someone their own water transport. The service works similarly to Airbnb and provides direct communication of users with the owners of yachts.

Russian scientists have made a breakthrough in medicine by launching the Antioncoran-M project, a gene-therapeutic antitumor drug designed to treat head and neck cancer. According to the results of preclinical studies, the drug increases the effectiveness of radiation therapy by 63%.

Another medicine that has taken a place in the rating of the “Russian Newspaper” is the drug Iviks, also known as female Viagra. CA medicines - women with sexual dysfunction. While Ivix is \u200b\u200bat the testing stage, however, it has proven itself in animals.

The TOP-50 includes the Cardberry project, which will help people save space in wallets. Engineers are working on an electronic card, which can replace a whole stack of discount cards, synchronizing with the application of the same name via Bluetooth. The project received 800 pre-orders for 2016, and is currently at the funding stage.

Contactless payment provider CardsMobile, along with British startup Tedipay, have begun work on an open platform for secure transactions. Using technology, it will be possible to make any payments, including payment for transport, lunch, etc. For this, you only need a smartphone, which the authors of the idea call a "wallet."

An online car auction called Caprice is the equivalent of Webuyanycar, WirKaufenDeinAuto and Al wataneya. The creators of the domestic auction promise that using the service you can sell a car in half an hour.

In 2015, a Siberian startup raised $ 1.4 million to create the first batch of 3D pens called CreoPop. Pens contain new photopolymer ink, which cures under the influence of ultraviolet light.

The rating included the CrocoTime project - a program for HR professionals that tracks up to 10 thousand users at a time. The service offers automatic monitoring of employees for a fee of $ 14 to $ 50.

Among the most ambitious startups is Dauria Aerospace, a Russian private space satellite manufacturer. In 2015, Cybernaut, a Chinese investment fund, invested in the development of the project, which gave the company $ 70 million, with the ultimate goal of tracking the life of one of the largest cities in the world.

Institute of Catalysis named after G.K. Boreskova SB RAS has developed EcoCat technology. The project helps to reduce the cost of heating industrial premises by 4 times.

A project called Ecwid can change the e-commerce industry: it is a platform for creating online stores on AJAX, which allows you to develop a website for an online store for free in a few minutes.

Another Elbi member is an app created by supermodel Natalia Vodianova. The mobile service allows you to send donations of £ 1 or $ 1 to charities around the world.

The rating also included the Russian analogue of the numerous instant messengers and social networks FireChat; in 2015, the number of registered users exceeded 5 million. The new version allows users to exchange private messages in group chats.

The authors of the rating also attracted the attention of the Russian version of virtual reality from FIBRUM. Engineers created a headset in which the main element is not expensive materials, but a regular smartphone.

The IBOX project, an innovative solution that allows customers to accept cash and non-cash payments without cash registers and terminals, was included in the list of best startups.

iBuildApp

  Intersoft Eurasia,

iBuildApp is a platform that allows enterprises to create mobile apps for iOS and Android in minutes. This service already has 1.3 million users, including the US Department of State.

One of the participants in the rating was the startup Intersoft Eurasia, which develops cross-platform devices for tracking human radiation exposure. The company offers several options for devices and their integration: a compact device, an addition to a mobile device, a processor and watch dosimeters built into the mobile phone circuit.

Travel service Intui.Travel helps travelers book a hotel and find airport transfers. Using the application, users can create a route to any place.

Cloud Surveillance Service Ivideondesigned to work with cameras already installed, including on personal computers and laptops.

Kribrum has developed a social media monitoring system. The project is a tool for analyzing various references in the media. In 2015, the startup collected generous investments - more than $ 600 thousand. The system is aimed, first of all, at PR and marketing services.

Another participant in the rating is the Kuznech visual image search system, which allows you to track brands in the media stream, filter “adult” content, control offline merchandising, etc. The project supports video recognition and is adapted for smartphones.

The famous project LinguaLeo, an online service for learning languages, also got on the list of the best. Now about 12 million users who study English are registered on the portal. The service is available to Russians, Brazil and residents of Turkey.

The Forest Watch project is a security system that allows you to prevent and track forest fires. The startup covers 33 regions of Russia and Bulgaria.

The Luka app gives recommendations on over 2,000 restaurants in San Francisco. With the help of an SMS conversation, the service finds out whether you are a vegetarian or a fan of cheese, after which it gives a list of restaurants that suit your tastes.

Startup Mailburn offers to reverse the standards of business correspondence using ambiguous templates. Almost 80% of application users work outside of Russia, and the majority of the audience comes from the United States.

One of the TOP-50 participants was the MarketMixe project - a platform for trading from suppliers' warehouses with individual data processing for online stores and online trading floors. MarketMixer automatically processes the price lists of suppliers and prepares a selection of goods to be sent to the storefront of the online store

Startup Nanosemantics is a natural programming language developer that should be used on chat sites with its representatives. The main key of the project is a laid-back human language in which bots communicate with site visitors.

The company Optograd Nanotech, which works on hardening products. The technology of nanostructured surface modification of materials and alloys using a laser was recognized as one of the best startups.

The N-tech.lab project, created at the University of Washington, allows face recognition, surpassing other systems in quality and speed.

Another payment system that will simplify the lives of users is PayQR. With this online banking and QR codes you can make purchases in seconds.

A product that can replace architects and designers in the future - the Planner 5 D app. It allows you to design a house and interior even before the start of construction, starting with walls and ending with furniture.

Startup Prixel will give anyone an opportunity to become a collector of the most famous paintings for symbolic money. To create pictures, the company uses the 3D scanning technique, which allows you to create exact copies. Prixel already has clients in the USA, Mexico, Europe, Canada, South Korea and other countries.

One of the most positive start-ups in the rating is the Panda Money service, which is essentially online banking. However, it differs from other projects by the presence of a small character - a panda that “feeds” due to user payments.

Promobot is a retail robot that identifies people's speech and recognizes their appearance. Thus, the robot can help existing customers and find new ones.

The online service for ordering cleaning Qlean has attracted investments of more than 327 thousand dollars, the service plans to enter the Asian market.

Relap is a B2B service aimed at increasing the time visitors spend on the site. The system recommends them using the built-in widgets. The creators of the project promise that they can increase the number of clicks up to 30-50%.

Startups have long been one of the main drivers of the modern economy. By the number of successful companies, promoted from scratch, one can judge the level of development of the business space of countries. And although it is obvious that most startups, estimated at $ 1 billion, have an American residence permit, some successful companies operate in Europe and China. We bring to your attention a list. This is not quite a rating: all 40 startups can be considered winners by default.

40. Evernote, $ 1 billion

A service and a set of software for creating and storing notes Evernote costs at least $ 1 billion. He got into the elite club of the most expensive startups in May 2012, when he was able to raise $ 70 million as part of a round of D-financing. Since then, the company has raised $ 240 million. An interesting list of investors: Allen & Co., China Broadband Capital Partners, DoCoMo Capital, Harbor Pacific Capital, m8 Capital, Meritech Capital Partners, m8 Capital, Morgenthaler Ventures, Sequoia Capital, T. Rowe Price and Valiant Capital Partners.

39. Eventbrite, $ 1 billion

A ticketing service and marketing campaign for social media ticketing, Eventbrite was listed just a month ago. The company recently managed to attract financing in the amount of $ 60 billion. After that, the entire startup, which, of course, has not yet traded shares on the stock exchange, was estimated by experts at $ 1 billion. The total funding for Eventbrite at the moment is $ 197 million. Note that the company was founded quite a long time ago - in 2006, but at that time I could not quickly spin up, because the new generation social networks were in their infancy. Facebook, for example, has just begun a global expansion.

38. Nutanix, $ 1 billion

The first representative of cloud systems for business on our list. Nutanix provides companies with cloud-based data warehousing. The company managed to attract an impressive amount of funding, which currently stands at $ 1 billion. But amid fierce competition in this niche, experts estimate the total cost of a startup at the same $ 1 billion.

37. Dianping.com, $ 2 billion

The first Chinese startup to reach the billionaire rating. The portal, which publishes reviews of restaurants, is estimated at $ 1.8 or even $ 2 billion. During its existence, he managed to raise $ 164 million. According to insiders, last year Dianping.com rejected the offer of takeover by Google China. In addition, it is known that Tencent, a telecommunications company from the Middle Kingdom, invested a large sum of money in Dianping.com earlier this year - the same $ 1.8 billion or $ 2 billion.

36. Beats Electronics, $ 1 billion

Rapper Dr. Dre and producer Jimmy Jovin created one of the most successful music startups, which is gradually mastering new niches and turning into a full-fledged large company. Beats started with the production of headphones, proving to the whole world that "bugger shakes", and then organized their own online music service on which you can listen to any music, but it is better, of course, to do this with Beats headphones. Beats Electronics raised $ 560 million in financing and costs about $ 1 billion.

35. Xunlei Network Technologies, $ 1 billion

The Chinese peer-to-peer service Xunlei Network Technologies, which receives support from the Internet giant Google, has become one of the largest new generation file hosting services in the world. The company was founded in 2003, when the whole world gradually switched to Soulseek, Bear Share and other peer-to-peer networks of the first generation. But the Chinese decided to go the evolutionary path, which allowed them to survive in the face of the emergence of new types of peer-to-peer platforms, such as torrent trackers. Xunlei supports a huge number of protocols and works with torrents as well. The startup managed to raise $ 111 million, and today the company is valued at $ 1 billion. Among investors are Ceyuan Ventures, Fidelity Growth Partners Asia, Google, IDG Capital Partners, Morningside Group, Primavera Capital Group and RW Investments.

34. Good Technology, $ 1 billion

The American company Good Technology specializes in security systems for mobile devices. Its main customers are companies that want to protect internal data flows. The startup has already begun acquisitions of smaller players and recently acquired BoxTone, expanding its list of capabilities in the field of mobile computing. In April, the company received financing in the amount of $ 50 million. In total, it received $ 396 million from investors - this is since 1996. Now Good Technology costs about $ 1 billion.

33. Coupons.com, $ 1 billion

Coupons.com discount service has recently applied for an IPO. The company helps stores attract customers by distributing discount coupons. Despite the fact that there are more than a dozen similar Coupons.com portals in the world, the startup has attracted the attention of investors. In 2013, he received $ 115 million, which prompted the founders of a successful business to conduct an initial public offering.

32. Pure Storage, $ 1 billion

Pure Storage offers an unusual business-oriented storage product. We are talking about a kind of solid-state drives for corporate use, based on flash memory. Speeding up computer systems allows companies to reduce costs, so Pure Storage products are sold very successfully. Since its founding in 2009, the startup has raised $ 245 million. Among investors are Greylock Partners, Index Ventures, Redpoint Ventures, Samsung Venture Investment and Sutter Hill Ventures.

31. CloudFlare, $ 1 billion

CloudFlare is a system that allows you to speed up the work of sites and protect them from external threats. This startup was enjoyed not only by companies, but even by the authorities of some countries, including Turkey. In December 2012, CloudFare raised financing in the amount of $ 50 million. The total amount of financing is $ 72 million. Among investors are Greenspring Associates, New Enterprise Associates, Pelion Venture Partners, Union Square Ventures and Venrock.

30. Tango, $ 1.1 billion

The free Tango messenger works in difficult conditions. Its competitors, such as WhatsApp and Viber, are much more popular and have already sold to larger players for billions (in the case of WhatsApp, tens of billions) of dollars. Nevertheless, Tango received funding from the Chinese Internet giant Alibaba in the amount of $ 250 million. Against this background, investors believe in a bright future for the startup. Experts estimate its value at $ 1.1 billion. Since 2009, Tango has received $ 367 million from investors.

29. LaShou Group, $ 1.1 billion

LaShou Group's Chinese service thrives, not least because it is Chinese. This is another portal that provides discounts to customers, but the model of its work, within which discounts are available for a limited time, that is, constantly changing "offers of the day", is completely copied from the American Groupon. The closed Chinese market provided LaShou Group with $ 166 million in financing and an estimated total value of $ 1.1 billion.

28. Gilt Groupe, $ 1 billion

Gilt Groupe is an American online store. 6 million people use the trading platform for a wide variety of goods. In order to buy something, you must register. In addition, the number of brands and the validity of offers is limited. In 2011, the startup received additional funding of $ 138 million. Experts estimate the cost of Gilt Groupe at $ 1.1 billion. Insiders say that this year the company can conduct an IPO.

27. Fab, $ 1.2 billion

Fab is an even more successful e-commerce site. From 175 thousand participants in 2011, its audience increased to 10 million, and the number of visitors per month reaches 6 million. The company managed to sell 7 million goods, it already operates in three countries and in two languages \u200b\u200b- English and German. The startup has raised $ 335 million from investors. Among them are Andreessen Horowitz, Atomico, Baroda Ventures, Docomo Capital, First Round Capital, German Startups Group Berlin, ITOCHU, Mayfield Fund, Menlo Ventures, Phenomen Ventures, Pinnacle Ventures, RTP Ventures, ru-Net Ventures, SingTel Innov8, SoftTech VC, Tencent Holdings, VTB Capital, Washington Post, Zelkova Ventures, A-Grade Investments and SV Angel.

26. MongoDB, $ 1.2 billion

MongoDB provides its customers with the ability to create NoSQL databases. The services of the startup are used by such large corporate players as the eBay online store, the MetLife insurer and The New York Times. MongoDB technology allows them to streamline huge data streams. Last year, MongoDB attracted financing in the amount of $ 150 million, after which it was valued at $ 1.2 billion. In total, the startup received $ 231 million from investors and, quite possibly, it will conduct an IPO soon.

25. Sogou, $ 1.2 billion

Sogou is a search engine about which almost nothing is known outside of China, but which is extremely popular in the Middle Kingdom. The site helps to find information of any type, and most importantly, it is able to identify pages that contain a potential threat and will not display them. Such "clean" results are so popular with Chinese users that they have already found 10 billion pages with Sogou. As a result, Sogou's value today is estimated at $ 1.2 billion.

24. Deem, $ 1.4 billion

The software developed by Deem allows companies to evaluate travel expenses and other additional costs. Deem services are used, in particular, by Coca-Cola, Goldman Sachs and Siemens. The startup’s cost is estimated at $ 1.4 billion, and it managed to attract an impressive amount of funding: $ 424 million. Among investors are American Express, Charter Venture Capital, Citigroup, Empire Capital Partners, Foundation Capital, Jafco America Ventures, JPMorgan & Chase, Micro Cap Partners and Oak Investment Partners.

23. Mobileye, $ 1.5 billion

Mobileye collaborates with leading car manufacturers in the world. The technologies developed by the startup help BMW, General Motors and other major players in the sector to create security systems that track and prevent accidents. The company was founded in 1998 and today is valued at $ 1.5 billion. The amount of funding for Mobileye is $ 487 million. Among investors, such financial market sharks as BlackRock and Goldman Sachs.

22. Fanatics, $ 1.5 billion

The startup, which received the peculiar name Fanatics, was founded back in 1995. According to various estimates, it costs from $ 1.5 billion to $ 3 billion, but there is no confirmation of authoritative sources about the second figure. Fanatics supplies licensed sports equipment and other items for fans. Analysts have a positive view of the prospects in this niche, so this year Fanatics business should be expected to grow. Interestingly, among investors who have invested in the company, there is also the Chinese Alibaba Group.

21. Stripe, $ 1.8 billion

Stripe is a payment system that defied the famous PayPal. The ease of use of virtual terminals developed by Stripe, according to many experts, puts PayPal in a dominant market position. Last month, the startup raised $ 80 million, and the total funding for four years is $ 120 million. Against this background, analysts estimated the cost of the business at $ 1.8, which allowed him to become one of the youngest participants in our list.

19. Trendy Group, $ 2 billion

French clothing manufacturers conquer China. The giant LVMH poured $ 200 million into the startup of Trendy Group, which produces inexpensive things for residents of the Middle Kingdom. Having learned about this investment, experts estimated the Trendy Group's business at $ 2 billion. Note that the Trendy Group itself was founded by a Chinese, but a large proportion of the French people believe that they can influence the company's strategy. The startup was founded in 1999. The Chinese clothing market is constantly developing, so Trendy Group and LVMH were in a good place at a good time.

18. Box, $ 2 billion

Box is another cloud service provider, primarily for corporate customers. The system allows you to store data in the cloud and quickly share it. Box business model is interesting. For personal accounts, 50 gigabytes of free disk space is available, but a startup encourages customers to purchase additional storage space. Moreover, even to get 50 gigabytes you have to download a special application developed for iOS. In December, Box attracted financing in the amount of $ 100 million, after which it was valued at $ 2 billion. Insiders report that the startup has applied for an IPO, but does not want to advertise it.

17. Wayfair, over $ 2 billion

An online home goods store specializing in furniture and decor recently received $ 157 million in funding, after which the startup was valued at $ 2 billion. The total funding for the company from Boston, founded in 2002, currently stands at $ 358 million among investors are Battery Ventures, Great Hill Partners, HarbourVest Partners and Spark Capital.

16. Woodman Labs, GoPro camera developer, $ 2.3 billion

One of the most famous startups on our list. Not everyone knows that the company was founded back in 2002. At first, the business grew slowly, but in recent years, the market has appreciated devices developed by a California company that are great for shooting high-quality video in extreme conditions. Last year, GoPro revenue reached $ 1 billion, and now the startup plans to conduct an IPO in June or May. Investors include Foxconn, Riverwood Capital, Sageview Capital, Steamboat Ventures, USVP Management, and Walden International.

15. Airbnb, $ 2.5 billion

Airbnb is a service that helps travelers and home owners who want to rent them find each other. In 2012, the company received financing in the amount of $ 200 million and brought the total investment in its business to $ 526 million. In the top 40, Airbnb was in 2011, when it managed to raise $ 112 million. Since then, its position has only strengthened. Insiders say that after a new round of financing, the estimated cost of a startup will grow to $ 10 billion.

14. Bloom Energy, $ 2.9 billion

Startup Bloom Energy produces solid oxide fuel cells, kits called Bloom Box. Giants such as Wal-Mart, Federal Express and Coca-Cola use these solutions in their energy systems. Each Bloom Box costs $ 750 thousand, and even at this price, customers are willing to buy innovative Bloom Energy products. But in just 10 years, the developers promise to reduce the cost of "Flowering Boxes" to $ 3 thousand.

13. Legendary Entertainment, $ 3 billion

Legendary Entertainment is a production company that worked with Warner Brothers on a new series of Batman films. The startup was one of the first to risk joining forces with hedge funds to co-finance film production. The Legendary Entertainment contract with Warner Brothers has been completed, and now the company is going to work with Universal Studios. Startup was founded in 2005.

12. VANCL, $ 3 billion

Another player in the Chinese clothing market: the VANCL online store was created in 2005, and in 2011 it was valued at $ 3 billion. Initially, the site specialized in the sale of inexpensive clothes, but recently it has entered into partnership agreements with luxury brands. The total funding for its activities reached $ 472 million. Among investors are Ceyuan Ventures, CITIC Private Equity Funds Management, F&H Fund Management, IDG Capital Partners, Kerry Group, Qiming Venture Partners, SAIF Partners, Temasek Holdings and Tiger Management.

11. Square, $ 3.3 billion

Unusual startup Square produces both software and payment terminals for corporate clients. One of the company's most famous partners is the Starbucks coffee chain, which, according to experts, can overtake McDonald’s on the stock exchange. In 2012, Square received $ 200 million from investors. The total amount of funds raised is $ 345 million. Investors: Citi Ventures, Khosla Ventures, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Rizvi Traverse Management, Sequoia Capital, Starbucks, and Tiger Global Management.

10. Jawbone, $ 3.3 billion

Jawbone manufactures headphones and wireless speakers that can be connected to mobile devices. They are popular both among music lovers (due to good sound quality), and among people involved in sports (because they are convenient to use and do not interfere). Interestingly, initially Jawbone worked with the military, creating noise reduction technologies. But the startup’s experience came in handy on the wide consumer electronics market. The value of the business as a result is estimated at $ 3.3 billion.

9. Uber, $ 3.8 billion

Uber taxi search system operates in several dozen cities in the United States. She is able to set prices in the market depending on supply and demand. In August, the startup received funding in the amount of $ 258 million, which allowed to bring the total amount of attracted investments to $ 405 million. Experts estimate the cost of Uber at $ 3.8 billion. And this is not surprising considering that the company is able to receive revenue of $ 20 million in successful weeks. Investors include Benchmark Capital, Bezos Expeditions, First Round Capital, Founder Collective, Goldman Sachs, Google Ventures, Jumpstart Capital, Lowercase Capital, Menlo Ventures and TPG Growth.

8. Pinterest, $ 3.8 billion

Pinterest is a portal that allows users to communicate by posting images in various thematic collections and “pinning” them to “discussion boards”. The company entered the list of billionaire startups in May 2012 when it received $ 100 million from a consortium of investors with Rakuten at the head of the company. And after another round, which brought in $ 225 million and ended in October 2013, Pinterest’s estimated value more than doubled $ 1.5 billion to $ 3.8 billion

7. Spotify, $ 4 billion

European member of our elite club. Spotify, a Swedish streaming music service, has attracted 24 million “thanks” and another 6 million for $ 10 a month. It is not surprising that a company with such impressive performance has already attracted a total of $ 521 million from investors, including Coca-Cola and the well-known Digital Sky Technologies. According to the results of the last round of financing of $ 250 million, which ended last November, the company was valued at $ 4 billion.

6. SpaceX, $ 4.8 billion

Well, where are we without Elon Mask - one of the most famous and most controversial "startups". SpaceX, whose goal is to conquer space no longer at the expense of the state but for purely commercial purposes, currently costs about $ 4.8 billion. At the same time, investors have poured into the business of Elon Mask only $ 115 million. But he still promises to save America from the need to use Russian rockets and rocket engines. Moreover, this is one of the most modest promises. Many people believe that yet another Mask project, Tesla, is already generating real profit.

5. Zalando, $ 4.9 billion

Another European player, this time from Germany. Zalando, an online retailer, sells clothing and other "stylish" goods in 14 countries in Europe. Initially, the company sold only shoes, and now it even distributes company magazines in which customers can find information about new products and discounts. The total investment in Zalando is only $ 49 million, but its estimated value is 100 times more!

4. Jingdong, $ 7.3 billion

And again to China: Jingdong, formerly known under the 360Buy brand, is one of the largest online stores in the Middle Kingdom in terms of turnover. Jingdong is called the "Chinese Amazon", and it is popular not only with buyers, but also with investors. The total funding reached $ 2.2 billion, which allowed the company to be valued at $ 7.3 billion. Jingdong was founded in Beijing in 2004.

3. Palantir, $ 9 billion

  Palantir is the device by which in the book The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien, the main villain Sauron kept an eye on his proteges and gave orders. This is also a great name for a startup, which allows US intelligence agencies to spy on the population. Using Palantir technology, the FBI and the CIA filter the flow of information. The business is developing successfully: the startup has already attracted $ 594 million, and its estimated value reached $ 9 billion in September 2013.

Dropbox's highly popular cloud-based data warehouse has already attracted over 200 million active users. The next goal is corporate clients. The creators of the startup once decided to challenge traditional email, which did not allow sending large files. They created a service that allows you to store content and instantly send it to any person, regardless of the restrictions imposed by the mail client. One of Dropbox's innovations: a user can create a special folder directly on the desktop and upload files that he wants to send to the Internet. Dropbox followed many cloud services, but it remains the most popular. 200 million people are actively using this system. The total amount of investments attracted by Dropbox is $ 507 million.

1. Xiaomi $ 10 billion

Xiaomi's Chinese gadget maker has conquered the home market by setting record low prices for its devices without sacrificing quality. Last year, the company sold 18.7 million smartphones alone, and in its holder a wide range of consumer electronics and even branded applications. In the past, one of the top managers who led the development of Android, Hugo Barra, moved to Xiaomi and now helps the Chinese player win the global gadget market from competitors. The volume of investments attracted by Xiaomi is $ 507 million against the background of the company's estimated value of $ 10 billion.

Polina Todorova

Startups are the spark that ignites the engine of the economy. The most successful of them, such as, and, also change our lifestyle.

Forbes, with the support of TrueBridge Capital Partners, a venture capital firm, has compiled a list of 25 American startups that can revolutionize their industry, already showing real results and attracted tens (and in some cases hundreds) of millions of dollars of investment.

BitSight Technologies

Founders:Stephen Boyer, Nagarjuna Venn.

Received investment:  $ 95 million.

  $ 30 million.

Key investors: Globespan Capital Partners, Menlo Ventures, GGV Capital

What does it do:  It uses sophisticated algorithms that make up the daily security rating, which is essentially a “credit history” in. The startup was founded in 2011 and has signed contracts with more than 450 companies, including Ferrari, Hess and Lowe’s. The office is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Boxed

Boxed Warehouse in Edison, New Jersey. Photo: Forbes

Founders:  Whose Huang, Jarezh Yaman, Christopher Cheung, William Fong.

  Received investment:  $ 133 million.

: over $ 100 million.

Key investors:  DST Global, GGV Capital

What does it do:  It offers the services of direct delivery of packaged goods in giant packaging using the application or site. In 2013, a startup was a garage in a suburb of New Jersey. Two years ago, the company's annual revenue was $ 8 million. This year, he has exceeded $ 100 million.

“Packaged goods are one of the largest engines of the economy, but only 1.5% of them can be ordered online,” says Juan CEO. “Isn't that crazy?”

Checkr

Founders:  Daniel Janiss and Jonathan Perichon.

Investment received: $ 50 million.

  Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 150 million.

Notable investors:  Accel, Y Combinator

What does it do: Sells verified jobseeker data to companies like Uber, Instacart, and Warby Parker. Checkr compiles reports in the form of an API that their employee data processing system can recognize. Startup was founded in 2014. Now he has more than 4000 clients and 90 employees. Its founders Janiss (28 years old) and Perichon (26 years old) hail from France. They came up with his idea when they worked at the Deliv delivery service in Palo Alto, where they needed to verify personal data.

“It struck me how poor the technology and terrible interface was used there,” said Janiss. “And I thought we could do better.”

Payad Kadakia. Photo: Forbes

Founders:  Payad Kadakia, Mary Biggins, Sanjeev Sanghavi.

Received investment:  $ 84 million.

  Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 180 million.

Key investors:  Google Ventures, General Catalyst Partners, Thrive Capital

What does it do:  An application that allows its subscribers to sign up for an unlimited number of different fitness courses - from Pilates, cycling and boxing to classes on aqua machines, aerial yoga and striptease lessons. The application has already become very popular in 31 cities of the USA and 8 cities of Great Britain, Canada and Australia. Today, with its help, more than 20 million people have signed up for various classes. The CEO and co-founder of Payal Cadaria is a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She is a professional Indian dancer. The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a startup came to her mind in 2010 when she was looking for a good dance studio in New York. In 2013, she launched the startup ClassPass.

Collective health

Founders:  Ali Diab and Rajai Batnigi.

Received investment:  $ 150 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016: $ 15 million.

Outstanding investors:  Founders Fund, Google Ventures

What does it do: This startup from San Francisco is already three years old. He is committed to providing his clients with data that helps them optimize their health insurance plan. The project sells assistance services and a program that clearly explains all the benefits of insurance and facilitates the filling out of claims. Thus, the process of obtaining insurance is reduced to several days. In addition, the program monitors progress in treatment, for example, the stages of chemotherapy. Therefore, the patient receives fewer refusals to pay for treatment than when contacting ordinary insurers. Ali Diab, CEO and co-founder of the startup, used to work as a product manager for Yahoo and AdMob, a mobile advertising company. The idea of \u200b\u200bCollective Health came to him after he underwent an emergency operation due to an inversion of the intestines and was denied medical insurance in the amount of $ 200 thousand.

“The service was insultingly poor,” he said.

The second founder of the startup, Rajai Batnigi, is an assistant professor of therapy at Stanford Hospital.

Doppler labs

Founders:  Noah Craft, Fritz Lanman.

Received investment:  $ 50 million.

Estimated earnings in 2017   i Report 2016 not available  year:  $ 100 million.

Key investors:  Acequia Capital, The Chernin Group, Wildcat Capital Management

What does it do:  Develops a miniature computer for the ears. The founders of the startup hope that in the future it will become as popular as the iPhone. A pre-order is already open for this device called Here One (cost $ 299). Owners of this device can learn new information (for example, listen to live comments during a baseball game), adjust the level of ambient noise (to fall asleep or better to hear the words of the interlocutor). Here One essentially creates augmented sound reality.

“We want every person’s ear to have a computer,” said Noah Kraft, Project Director General.

Freshdesk

Founder:  Girish Matrubutham.

Received investment:  $ 95 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 65 million.

Notable investors:  Accel, Tiger Global Management, Google Capital

What does it do: It sells cloud programs for customer support, through which companies can connect with regular customers through various communication channels - for example, via e-mail, by phone, through a website, forums or social networks. Technical support workers only need to go to Freshdesk and they will see all requests and requests. The company also sells Freshservice service for the company's internal support service. Freshdesk startup was founded six years ago in the Indian city of Chinnai. Girish Matrubutham decided to create it after he moved from India to the USA. During transportation, they broke the TV, and the carrier ignored his complaint. Girish managed to get compensation only after he complained to the online forum. Freshdesk differs from its larger competitors, such as Zendesk, in that it is primarily designed for small and medium-sized businesses. Freshdesk is now headquartered in San Bruno, California. The startup has 850 employees worldwide, and it has offices in Chinnai, Berlin, London and Sydney.

Fuze

Founders:  Steve Kokinos, Derek Yoo.

Received investment:  $ 200 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  over $ 150 million.

  Key investors:  Bessemer Venture Partners, TCV, Summit Partners

What does it do:  It helps to collect all the correspondence of corporations (in text, sound or video format) in the cloud. For many companies this is very important, but, alas, not easy to implement.

“People use a lot of applications, despite the fact that they end up with terrible experience,” says Steve Kokinos, one of the founders and CEO of the startup, “We got the idea of \u200b\u200ba startup when we realized what a mess is going on in this area.”

The startup was founded in Cambridge (Massachusetts) ten years ago and was originally called ThinkingPhones.

Roger Dickey. Photo: Forbes

Founders:  Roger Dickey and Debo Olaosebican.

Received investment:  $ 12.5 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 30 million.

Notable investors:  Andreessen Horowitz, Y Combinator

What does it do: Offers a platform where companies can hire trusted freelancers in programming, design and project management. Startup is already two years old, with its head office in San Francisco. Gigster charges 25% commission on the transaction. Among his clients are IBM and MasterCard. Dickie is a software engineer by training - at the age of 23, he founded a company that developed a popular multiplayer game for social networks called Dope Wars (in 2008 it was sold to Zynga). The second founder, Olaosebikan, was a rapper from Lagos (Nigeria). There, he once also founded two startups. Dickey and Olaosebican met at a conference in San Francisco.

Rob Solomon, CEO of GoFundMe. Photo: Eric Milette, Forbes.

Founders:  Brad Damhouse and Andy Bollister.

Received investment:  no less than $ 300 million.

  Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 100 million

What does it do:  Manages the largest and most successful crowdfunding platform. The startup takes a 5 percent commission on “individual cases” fees. In addition, a commission of 2.8% is taken for credit card processing, and a commission of 0.30% is deducted from each donation amount. The project was launched in 2010. Over five years, the total amount of donations exceeded one billion dollars. In July 2015, the company entered into a venture transaction and received a valuation of $ 600 million. After that, the amount of donations reached almost $ 2 billion.

Guardant health

Helmy Eltokey. Photo: Forbes

Founders:  Helmy Eltoki and Amir Ali Talasaz.

  Received investment:  $ 200 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 30 million.

Notable investors:  Khosla Ventures, Lightspeed Venture Partners, OrbiMed Advisors

What does it do:  He invites his cancer patients to take a blood test without the risk and pain that usually accompany a normal tumor biopsy. A liquid biopsy developed by this company has been on the market since 2014. She uses the DNA fragments of a cancerous tumor that can be found in the patient’s blood. Using the analysis, you can track the progression of the disease and the presence of gene mutations and prescribe the necessary medications. According to one of the founders, many companies offer such an analysis, but Guardant dominates the market and its share is 95%. The startup's office is located in Redwood City (California), it employs about 190 employees, and this number is growing. The cost of a blood test from Guardant is $ 5800, but the company negotiates this price with patient health insurance.

HotelTonight

Founder:  Sam Shank.

Received investment:  $ 81 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 60 million.

Notable investors:  Coatue, Battery Ventures, US Venture

What does it do: Using the website or the startup’s mobile application, you can book a hotel room at the last minute. The founder of the project, Sam Shank, believes that when searching for a hotel, people want to see no more than 15 options, not all 500. HotelTonight shows rooms with up to 20% discount in hotels located in more than 2500 cities in North America and Europe. At the beginning of next year, Shank plans to make a public offering of the company's shares. This is his third startup for travelers. In 2004, he launched the TravelPost hotel reviews website, which he sold to SideStep in two years. In addition, he created the search engine for travelers DealBase, from which the idea of \u200b\u200bHotelTonight came from.

Invision

Founders:  Clark Valberg and Ben Nadel.

Received investment:  $ 135 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 40 million.

Key investors:  FirstMark Capital, Tiger Global, Accel, Iconiq Capital

What does it do:  Sells programs with which designers can quickly prototype websites and offers without waiting for engineers to make special internal tools for them. InVision startup has already attracted a number of serious customers, including Airbnb, Salesforce and. InVision plans to collaborate with large banks and traditional companies that pay a lot of attention to design.

Scott Crouch. Photo: Forbes

Founders:  Scott Crouch, Matthew Polega, Florian Mayr.

Received investment:  $ 41 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  over $ 15 million.

Key investors:  General Catalyst Partners, Spark Capital

What does it do:  Helps to improve the efficiency of the police through special programs and data analytics. Despite the fact that it is not easy to train the police in some changes, Mark43 still managed to conclude a contract with some departments. The startup recently won the first tender to deliver its services to five Los Angeles County police departments. Startup CEO Scott Crouch (25) founded the company with his two best friends when he was at Harvard College. Now the trio is on the list of 30 successful businessmen under the age of 30, according to Forbes.

Opendoor

Founders:  Eric Wu, Kate Raboys, JD Ross, Ian Wong.

Received investment:  $ 110 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016: over $ 50 million.

Key investors:  Access Industries, GGV Capital, Khosla Ventures

What does it do: Offers a new way to sell and buy homes. Every year, 5.5 million Americans try to sell their home. They all have to sort out the complicated process of selling with all of these real estate agents. As a result, they simply do not understand how long this will last. A startup from San Francisco is going to radically change everything with the help of technology that shows the cost of housing and offers to immediately buy it (with a commission of 8%).

Owlet baby care

The three founders of the company. Photo: Forbes

Founders:  Kurt Workman, George Monroe, Zach Bomst, Jacob Colvin.

Received investment:  $ 15 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 20 million.

  Key investors:  Azimuth Ventures, Eclipse, ff Venture Capital, Eniac Ventures.

What does it do:  Makes devices that monitor the health of the child. When Kurt Worman was at university, he decided to take up family planning and thought about the safety of his unborn child. So, he and his comrades created Owlet, a device that uses heart rate data to tell parents if their child suddenly stopped breathing, or his heart rate suddenly accelerated or slowed. The device fits in a baby sock and sells for $ 250.

Procore technologies

Tooi Kurtemanshe. Photo: Forbes

Founder:  Tooi Kurtemanshe.

Received investment:  $ 129 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 55 million.

Key investors:  Bessemer Venture Partners, Iconiq Capital

What does it do:  Sells software that allows customers to monitor the progress of construction - from viewing drawings to direct communication with subcontractors online or by phone. The main feature of Procore, because of which customers choose it: with the help of this software, they can better monitor their projects, which means fewer errors and cost overruns.

Rubicon global

Founder:  Nate Morris.

Received investment:  $ 96 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  over $ 300 million.

Key investors:  Goldman Sachs, Wellington Management

What does it do:  Connects independent garbage collection and recycling companies with major stores, restaurants and hotels using modern technology. So clients of garbage companies can plan garbage collection in a timely manner. Thanks to the competitive basis and the wide selection of different waste collection companies, Rubicon customers can significantly reduce their waste collection costs. The service was used by more than 5000 organizations. The startup is gradually expanding and offers its services to private individuals.

Rubrik

Founders:  Bipul Sinha, Arvind Jane, Soem Mazumdar, Arvind Nitrakashyar.

Received investment:  $ 112 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 50 million.

Key investors:  Greylock Partners, Lightspeed Venture Partners

What does it do: Sells software that helps store and transfer terabytes of information between data centers and the cloud. Example: one of the startup’s clients, Driscoll’s, has a wealth of information about the genotypes and types of berries that it grows. Rubrick helps protect and store this data during all global operations. If the corporate server suddenly shuts down, Rubrik can instantly recover all the data. The founders of this startup from Palo Alto are former Oracle, Google, and Facebook employees, and its CEO, Bipul Sinha, once partnered with Lightspeed Venture Partners, Snapchat's early investment fund.

Sumo logic

Founders:  Christian Bigden, Kumar Saurab.

Received investment:  $ 160 million.

  Estimated revenue for 2016:  over $ 50 million.

  Key investors:  Greylock Partners, DFJ Growth, IVP

What does it do:  Sells cloud analytics service. Startup from Redwood City works with companies from various fields, for example, with AirBnB, Anheuser-Busch and Twitter. It helps them deal with some digital data that they would not pay attention to. The startup was founded six years ago by veterans of ArcSight, a cybersecurity agency owned by Hewlett-Packard. Now he is led by 44-year-old Ramin Sayyar, who came to the post of CEO in 2014.

“I would say the Sumo project is just a kid,” Sayyar says. - We are still clumsy and are trying to figure it out. And in my opinion, this is the most pleasant time for the company. ”

Servicemax

Founders:  David Yarnold, Atani Krishna, Hari Subramanyan.

Received investment:  $ 204 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 60 million.

Key investors:  Meritech Capital Partners, Premji Invest

What does it do: It automates the work of maintenance personnel in the field (for example, repairmen of a forklift or an oil production unit). Instead of accepting a phone call, filling out a work order manually and waiting for a client to send a paper check, service staff can now use the ServiceMax program. With it, you can also monitor equipment maintenance and manage the maintenance schedule. The program records the availability of spare parts and tracks problems using computed tomography. When the equipment needs to be repaired, the program sends a special notification. The two founders of the startup, Atani Krishna and Hari Subramanyan, moved from India to the United States nine years ago to work as software engineers. ServiceMax has great competitors in the form of SAP, Oracle and Salesforce, but the global market for outsourcing services is estimated at $ 18 billion. The startup has offices in India, the UK and a dozen other countries.

Sisense

Founders:  Eldad Farkash, Aviad Harell, Guy Boyyangu, Adi Azaria.

Received investment:  $ 94 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 50 million.

Key investors:  Bessemer Venture Partners, DFJ Growth

What does it do:  Sells analytical programs that deal with huge amounts of data - from production efficiency, inventory numbers and the number of sales to the terms of guarantees and the level of profitability. Among the startup's clients are Motorola, General Electric, Target and a number of small and medium-sized businesses. The project was founded in 2005 in Tel Aviv, now it has two offices - in Israel and New York.

“It all started with five guys and one dog who were sitting in the garage and dreaming of incredible technology,” says General Director Amir Orad.

In 2010, they released their program, and since then, "things have gone up."

Talkdesk

Founder:  Tiago Paiva.

  Received investment:  $ 24 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 30 million.

  Key investors:  500 Startups, DFJ, Salesforce Ventures, Storm Ventures

What does it do:  Sells a subscription to a customer service program. A year ago, Talkdesk's customer base totaled 500 people, now it has increased to 1,200. Initially, the project’s founder, Paiva, 29, relied only on small and medium-sized businesses. His current customer list includes Box, Shopify and Peet’s Coffee. Paiva originally from Portugal. After college, he opened his company in Lisbon. However, he soon moved to San Francisco - one of the California investors saw his company’s YouTube commercial and offered him $ 10,000 if he agreed to move.

Tenable network security

Founders:  Ron Gula, Jack Huffard, Renault Derayson.

Received investment:  $ 280 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016: $ 125 million.

Key investors:  Accel, Insight Venture Partners

What does it do:  Creates programs that allow their large corporate clients like NASDAQ and the US Department of Defense to check their computer networks for hacks. The software tracks vulnerabilities on mobile phones, cameras, computers and tablets. For the first ten years, the startup worked on self-sufficiency and only in 2012 attracted venture capital investments. Over the past two years, the company began to grow rapidly after it refused to sell licenses and switched to an annual subscription system.

Yapstone

Founders:  Tom Willante, Matt Golis.

Received investment:  $ 50 million.

Estimated revenue for 2016:  $ 235 million.

Key investors:  Accel, Meritech Capital Partners

What does it do:  It offers secure payment systems for arranging holidays and renting housing through services like HomeAway and VRBO. Despite the fact that there are major players in the online payment market such as PayPal and Square, Yapstone works mainly in its narrow field. According to CEO Tom Villante, the startup plans to increase its revenue to $ 1 billion by 2020.